Rapid nano-scale surface modification on micro-arc oxidation coated titanium by microwave-assisted hydrothermal...

Area of Science:

• Biomaterials Engineering
• Surface Science
• Nanotechnology

Background:

• Titanium implants require specific surface properties for biological compatibility.
• Conventional hydrothermal processes for surface modification are time-consuming.
• Developing efficient methods to create nano-scaled surface features is crucial for enhanced osseointegration.

Purpose of the Study:

• To develop a faster method for creating nano-scaled surface topographies on titanium implants.
• To investigate the effect of microwave-assisted hydrothermal treatment on surface morphology and composition.
• To evaluate the biological performance of the modified titanium surfaces.

Main Methods:

• Micro-arc-oxidation (MAO) followed by microwave-assisted hydrothermal treatment in various mediums.
• Surface characterization using Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM), X-ray Diffraction (XRD), Fourier-Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR), and Transmission Electron Microscopy (TEM).
• Biological evaluation including protein adsorption assays and cell culture studies with MG63 osteoblast-like cells.

Main Results:

• Nano-scaled anatase precipitates (nano-spikes or amorphous 3D nano-sheets) were successfully formed on MAO surfaces.
• Microwave-treated surfaces exhibited superior hydrophilicity and increased protein adsorption.
• Enhanced MG63 cell spreading, viability, and alkaline phosphatase activity were observed on microwave-treated surfaces compared to controls.

Conclusions:

• Microwave-assisted hydrothermal treatment is an effective and rapid method for creating functional nanomorphologies on titanium implant surfaces.
• The modified surfaces demonstrate improved biological affinity, promoting better cell response and potentially enhancing osseointegration.
• This technique offers a promising approach for developing advanced titanium dental and orthopedic implants.