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Related Concept Videos

Standard Enthalpy of Formation02:37

Standard Enthalpy of Formation

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Enthalpy changes are typically tabulated for reactions in which both the reactants and products are at the same conditions. A standard state is a commonly accepted set of conditions used as a reference point for the determination of properties under other different conditions. For chemists, the IUPAC standard state refers to materials under a pressure of 1 bar and solutions at 1 M and does not specify a temperature. Many thermochemical tables list values with a standard state of 1 atm. Because...
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On comparing the reactivity of silver and lead, it is observed that the two ionic species, Ag+ (aq) and Pb2+ (aq), show a difference in their redox reactivity towards copper: the silver ion undergoes spontaneous reduction, while the lead ion does not. This relative redox activity can be easily quantified in electrochemical cells by a property called cell potential. This property is commonly known as cell voltage in electrochemistry, and it is a measure of the energy which accompanies the charge...
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Measurement: Standard Units03:38

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Every measurement provides three kinds of information: the size or magnitude of the measurement (a number), a standard of comparison for the measurement (a unit), and an indication of the uncertainty of the measurement. While the number and unit are explicitly represented when a quantity is written, the uncertainty is an aspect of the errors in the measurement results.
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Calculating Standard Free Energy Changes02:49

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The free energy change for a reaction that occurs under the standard conditions of 1 bar pressure and at 298 K is called the standard free energy change. Since free energy is a state function, its value depends only on the conditions of the initial and final states of the system. A convenient and common approach to the calculation of free energy changes for physical and chemical reactions is by use of widely available compilations of standard state thermodynamic data. One method involves the...
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Standard Solutions01:14

Standard Solutions

2.5K
Standard solutions refer to solutions with a precisely known concentration or composition. A primary standard is a highly pure, high molar mass, stable substance that is entirely soluble in water, the most commonly used solvent in analytical chemistry. The primary standard solution can be used to standardize secondary standards, which are substances with known concentrations but are less pure and stable. Standard solutions are essential for achieving accurate and reliable results in analytical...
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Standard Precaution01:26

Standard Precaution

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Standard precautions are the minimum infection control safeguards used while caring for all patients, irrespective of their disease condition. They help prevent the spread of common infectious microorganisms to healthcare workers, patients, and visitors in all healthcare settings.
Hand hygiene is the most crucial means to prevent the transmission of disease. Employers are legally required to provide their workers with personal protective equipment (PPE) to minimize exposure or contact with...
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Standardization of the HbA2 Assay.

Renata Paleari1, Andrea Mosca1

  • 1Department of Physiopathology and Transplantation, Center for Metrological Traceability in Laboratory Medicine (CIRME), University of Milano, Italy.

EJIFCC
|December 22, 2018
PubMed
Summary

Standardizing hemoglobin A2 (HbA2) measurement is crucial. Calibration with commutable controls can significantly reduce variability between commercial methods, improving diagnostic accuracy.

Keywords:
HbA2standardizationtraceabilityβ-thalassemia

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Area of Science:

  • Clinical Chemistry
  • Laboratory Medicine
  • Analytical Chemistry

Background:

  • The International Federation of Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Medicine (IFCC) initiated a project in 2004 to standardize hemoglobin A2 (HbA2) measurements.
  • Significant inter-method biases persist in current commercial HbA2 assays.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To provide an update on the IFCC's HbA2 standardization project.
  • To evaluate the impact of calibration strategies on reducing analytical variability.

Main Methods:

  • Analysis of data from external quality assessment (EQA) schemes.
  • Review of previous experimental evaluations of HbA2 methods.
  • Assessment of calibration using commutable control materials.

Main Results:

  • Substantial biases between different commercial HbA2 measurement methods were confirmed.
  • Utilizing commutable control materials for calibration demonstrated a potential to reduce inter-method variability by approximately 50%.

Conclusions:

  • The groundwork for a robust HbA2 reference measurement system is being established.
  • A primary reference measurement procedure utilizing isotope dilution mass spectrometry (ID-MS) is proposed.