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In statistics, several tools are used to interpret the data. Measures of central tendency represent the characteristics of the data, such as mean, median, and mode. Additionally, measures of variance like standard deviation and range are used to find the spread of data from the mean. Relative standing measures the distance between data locations. Commonly used measures of relative standings are percentile, z score, and quartiles.
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Data are individual items of information obtained from a population or sample. Data may be classified as qualitative (categorical), quantitative continuous, or quantitative discrete. Because it is not practical to measure the entire population in a study, researchers use samples to represent the population. A random sample is a representative group from the population chosen by using a method that gives each individual in the population an equal chance of being included in the sample. Random...
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Thoracic Epidural Abscesses: A Systematic Review.

Benjamin A Howie1,2, Iyooh U Davidson1, Joseph E Tanenbaum1,3

  • 1Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH, USA.

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|December 22, 2018
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

This systematic review highlights thoracic spinal epidural abscesses (SEAs), emphasizing early diagnosis and surgical intervention for better outcomes. Prompt treatment is crucial to prevent severe neurological damage from thoracic SEAs.

Keywords:
EDASEAepidural abscessspine abscesssystematic reviewthoracic epidural abscess

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Area of Science:

  • Neurosurgery
  • Infectious Diseases
  • Spinal Surgery

Background:

  • Spinal epidural abscesses (SEAs) can progress rapidly and severely, particularly at the thoracic level.
  • Untreated SEAs may lead to permanent neurological deficits or death.
  • Limited research specifically addresses thoracic SEAs' presentation, diagnosis, and treatment.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To conduct a systematic review focusing on thoracic spinal epidural abscesses (SEAs).
  • To analyze the presentation, diagnosis, and treatment of thoracic SEAs.
  • To provide evidence-based recommendations for managing this specific condition.

Main Methods:

  • Systematic review of relevant literature.
  • Searches conducted in Ovid-Medline, EMBASE, and Cochrane Central databases.
  • Inclusion criteria focused on articles specific to thoracic epidural abscesses.

Main Results:

  • Twenty-five articles met the inclusion criteria.
  • Common symptoms include back pain, paraparesis/paraplegia, fever, and loss of bowel/bladder control.
  • Risk factors include diabetes, IV drug use, and advanced age.
  • Surgical treatment (laminectomy, decompression) was common.
  • Delayed surgery correlated with worse outcomes in neurologically impaired patients.

Conclusions:

  • This is the first study to specifically focus on thoracic SEAs.
  • Recommendations include early MRI, laboratory workup, cultures, empiric antibiotics, and prompt surgical decompression for neurological deficits.