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Related Concept Videos

Cancer02:18

Cancer

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Cancers arise due to mutations in genes involved in the regulation of cell division, which leads to unrestricted cell proliferation. Modern science and medicine have made great strides in the understanding and treatment of cancer, including eradicating cancer in some patients. However, there is still no cure for cancer. This is largely due to the fact that cancer is a large group of many diseases.
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Cells and tissues must meticulously coordinate their activities for the normal functioning of the human body. Therefore, they exhibit socially responsible behavior - resting, growing, dividing, differentiating, or dying - for the organism’s benefit. Cancer arises when cells divide uncontrollably and invade other tissues or organs.
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Several factors can increase the risk of cancer in an individual. About 50% of cancer cases can be prevented by adopting a healthy lifestyle, regular exercise, eating healthy, and following a modest cancer prevention diet. Epidemiological studies have consistently shown that populations with vegetable and fruit-rich diets have reduced the incidence of cancer. On the other hand, populations who have a diet rich in animal fat, red meat, junk food, or high calories are predisposed to cancer.
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jan 31, 2026

An In Vitro Dormancy Model of Estrogen-sensitive Breast Cancer in the Bone Marrow: A Tool for Molecular Mechanism Studies and Hypothesis Generation
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Dormancy in cancer.

Hiroko Endo1,2, Masahiro Inoue2,3

  • 1Department of Molecular Cellular Biology, Osaka International Cancer Institute, Osaka, Japan.

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Tumor dormancy, where cancer cells become quiescent, can lead to late recurrence after treatment. Targeting these dormant cancer cells is crucial for effective, long-term cancer therapy.

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Area of Science:

  • Oncology
  • Cancer Biology
  • Cellular Biology

Background:

  • Clinical observations show cancer recurrence years or decades after primary tumor resection.
  • Tumor dormancy is a key factor in late cancer relapse.
  • Understanding dormancy mechanisms is vital for improving patient outcomes.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the concept and mechanisms of tumor dormancy.
  • To differentiate between tumor mass dormancy and cellular dormancy.
  • To highlight the role of dormancy in therapeutic resistance.

Main Methods:

  • Review of existing clinical and experimental data on tumor dormancy.
  • Analysis of proposed models of tumor mass dormancy (angiogenic, immune-mediated).
  • Exploration of factors inducing cellular dormancy (microenvironment, stress, suppressed oncogenic pathways).

Main Results:

  • Tumor mass dormancy involves a balance between cancer cell proliferation and death.
  • Cellular dormancy is characterized by quiescent cancer cells influenced by the microenvironment.
  • Dormant cancer cells exhibit suppressed oncogenic pathways, contributing to therapeutic resistance.

Conclusions:

  • Tumor dormancy, encompassing both mass and cellular types, explains late cancer recurrence.
  • Cellular dormancy is induced by specific microenvironmental cues and stress.
  • Targeting dormant cancer cells represents a promising strategy for overcoming therapeutic resistance and preventing cancer relapse.