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Related Concept Videos

Heart Failure II: Pathophysiology01:29

Heart Failure II: Pathophysiology

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Systolic Heart Failure and Compensatory MechanismsSystolic heart failure (also termed HFrEF, Heart Failure with Reduced Ejection Fraction) is the most prevalent type of heart filure. It results in a decreased volume of blood being pumped from the ventricle. The aortic arch and carotid sinuses have baroreceptors that detect reduced blood pressure, triggering the sympathetic nervous system (SNS) to release epinephrine and norepinephrine. Initially, this response aims to boost heart rate and...
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Heart failure (HF) is a progressive syndrome involving ventricles that leads to inadequate cardiac output. It can be classified based on location and output or ejection fraction. Ejection fraction (EF) is an essential measurement in the diagnosis and surveillance of HF. Reduced EF corresponds to systolic heart failure (HFrEF). However, HF with preserved ejection fraction (HFpEF) is becoming increasingly prevalent. Also known as diastolic HF, this form of HF is related to aging. The...
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Heart failure refers to a clinical syndrome caused by structural or functional cardiac disorders that prevent the heart from pumping an adequate amount of blood to meet the body's metabolic needs. This condition often arises from myocardial infarction or ischemia, leading to decreased cardiac output, reduced tissue perfusion, impaired gas exchange, fluid volume imbalance, and decreased functional ability.Heart failure can result from disruptions in the mechanisms that regulate cardiac output...
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Heart Failure VI: Adjunct Therapies01:22

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Additional therapies for treating patients with heart failure (HF) may include procedural interventions, supplemental oxygen, the management of sleep disorders, and nutritional therapy.Procedural InterventionsImplantable Cardioverter-Defibrillator: For patients at risk of life-threatening arrhythmias due to severe left ventricular dysfunction, an Implantable Cardioverter-Defibrillator (ICD) can detect and terminate these arrhythmias, preventing sudden cardiac death and improving survival rates.
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Heart failure and kidney perfusion are interconnected in a complex way. Reduced renal perfusion and venous congestion are two significant factors that contribute to renal dysfunction in heart failure. The kidneys, primarily responsible for fluid balance in the body, are adversely affected due to compromised cardiac output and increased venous pressure. In response to reduced renal perfusion, the kidneys activate neurohumoral mechanisms to restore balance. However, these mechanisms can be...
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Medical Management of Acute Decompensated Heart Failure (ADHF)The primary goals of therapy for patients hospitalized with acute decompensated heart failure (ADHF) include:Relieving symptomsOptimizing volume statusSupporting oxygenation and ventilationMaintaining cardiac output (CO) and end-organ perfusionIdentifying and addressing the cause of ADHFPreventing complicationsProviding patient education on factors precipitating HF exacerbationPlanning for dischargeOngoing monitoring and assessment...
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Related Experiment Video

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A Gut-on-a-Chip Model to Study the Gut Microbiome-Nervous System Axis
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The gut microbiome and heart failure.

Adilah F Ahmad1, Natalie C Ward1,2,3, Girish Dwivedi3,4,5

  • 1School of Pharmacy and Biomedical Sciences and Curtin Health Innovation Research Institute.

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|December 22, 2018
PubMed
Summary

Gut microbiota dysbiosis is linked to cardiovascular diseases. Altering the gut microbiome may offer a new therapeutic strategy for heart failure and other cardiovascular conditions.

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Area of Science:

  • Microbiology
  • Cardiology
  • Human Physiology

Background:

  • The human gut hosts a complex microbiota essential for host homeostasis.
  • Gut microbiota dysbiosis (imbalanced composition/diversity) is increasingly associated with cardiovascular diseases like atherosclerosis, hypertension, and heart failure.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the correlations between gut microbiome alterations and heart failure.
  • To explore the potential of modulating the gut microbiome as a therapeutic target for cardiovascular diseases, including heart failure.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review of recent advances in biochemical and molecular analyses of gut microbiota.
  • Analysis of studies investigating the mechanisms linking gut microbiota to cardiovascular health.
  • Synthesis of evidence on therapeutic interventions targeting the gut microbiome.

Main Results:

  • While gut microbiota genomes and metabolites are increasingly characterized, precise mechanisms of action in cardiovascular disease remain unclear.
  • Dysbiosis is a significant factor implicated in the pathogenesis of various cardiovascular conditions.
  • Emerging evidence suggests that interventions targeting the gut microbiome hold promise for managing cardiovascular diseases.

Conclusions:

  • The gut microbiome represents a critical, yet incompletely understood, factor in cardiovascular health.
  • Investigating and targeting the gut microbiome is a warranted strategy for clinical intervention in cardiovascular disease.
  • Modulating gut microbiota composition and function may offer novel therapeutic avenues for heart failure and related conditions.