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|December 22, 2018
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This study searched for ultracompact binary systems using Advanced LIGO and Virgo data but found no gravitational wave candidates. The results constrain the merger rates of these systems and primordial black hole populations, impacting dark matter theories.

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Area of Science:

  • Gravitational wave astronomy
  • Cosmology
  • Astrophysics

Background:

  • Ultracompact binary systems with low component masses (0.2-1.0 solar masses) are not predicted by standard stellar evolution.
  • Primordial black holes, formed in the early Universe, are a candidate for dark matter and could exist in such low mass ranges.
  • Gravitational wave detectors like Advanced LIGO and Advanced Virgo offer a new way to search for these exotic objects.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To conduct the first search for gravitational waves from ultracompact binary systems with component masses between 0.2 and 1.0 solar masses.
  • To constrain the merger rates of these systems.
  • To test the primordial black hole dark matter paradigm by constraining the abundance of such objects.

Main Methods:

  • Analysis of data from the first Advanced LIGO and Advanced Virgo observing run (September 12, 2015 - January 19, 2016).
  • Search for gravitational wave signals consistent with the inspiral and merger of binary systems with component masses in the specified range.
  • Statistical analysis of the null result to derive upper limits on coalescence rates.

Main Results:

  • No statistically significant gravitational wave candidates were detected from ultracompact binary systems.
  • Upper limits were placed on the coalescence rate of nonspinning (0.2 M☉, 0.2 M☉) binaries (< 1.0 × 10⁶ Gpc⁻³ yr⁻¹) and (1.0 M☉, 1.0 M☉) binaries (< 1.9 × 10⁴ Gpc⁻³ yr⁻¹).
  • Constraints were derived on the abundance of monochromatic primordial black hole populations, limiting 0.2 M☉ populations to < 33% and 1.0 M☉ populations to < 5% of the dark matter density.

Conclusions:

  • The absence of detected signals provides the most stringent constraints to date on the merger rates of low-mass ultracompact binaries.
  • The results significantly constrain the contribution of certain primordial black hole populations to the dark matter density, particularly for 1.0 M☉ black holes.
  • This study demonstrates the power of gravitational wave astronomy in probing fundamental physics and cosmology, complementing other dark matter search strategies like microlensing.