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Three-dimensional Quantification of Intestinal Mucus Using Whole-mount Tissue Imaging
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Lipids alter microbial transport through intestinal mucus.

Taylor L Carlson1, Hasan Yildiz2, Zaineb Dar3

  • 1Department of Chemical Engineering, Northeastern University, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America.

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|December 22, 2018
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Summary

Dietary lipids in the gut reduce the speed and straightness of E. coli movement through mucus. This mucus barrier alteration by food components may offer strategies to control microbial interactions and prevent pathogen invasion.

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Area of Science:

  • Gastroenterology
  • Microbiology
  • Biophysics

Background:

  • The gastrointestinal mucus layer is crucial for regulating host-microbe interactions.
  • Alterations in mucus barrier properties can influence gut homeostasis, inflammation, and pathogen invasion.
  • Food components, such as lipids, can modify mucus characteristics and affect transport through it.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the impact of dietary lipids on the transport of Escherichia coli (E. coli) through a model intestinal mucus.
  • To analyze changes in mucus structure and E. coli swimming behavior in the presence of lipids.

Main Methods:

  • Direct imaging of E. coli swimming patterns within a model intestinal medium mimicking a fed state.
  • Analysis of mucus structure and E. coli track linearity and speed in the presence of triglycerides.
  • Observation of physical interactions between E. coli and lipid emulsion droplets.

Main Results:

  • Lipids in the model fed state intestinal contents significantly reduced E. coli speed and track linearity within the mucus.
  • Lipid emulsion droplets remained intact within the mucus gel, potentially crowding the network.
  • Physical interactions between E. coli and lipid structures were observed, impacting bacterial movement.

Conclusions:

  • Dietary lipids alter mucus properties, impeding E. coli motility.
  • Lipid-induced changes in mucus structure and direct bacterial-lipid interactions contribute to reduced bacterial speed.
  • Lipid-based strategies could be explored to modulate the mucus barrier for controlling microbial interactions and preventing epithelial invasion.