Glycerophospholipids - Emerging players in neuronal dendrite branching and outgrowth

Dendrites are the input compartment of the neuron, receiving and integrating incoming information. Dendritic trees are often highly complex and branched. Their branch extension and distribution are tightly correlated with their role and interactions within neuronal networks. Thus, intense research has focused on understanding the mechanisms that govern dendrite elaboration. Recent reports highlight the importance of specific lipids for these processes. In particular, glycerophospholipids and several of their interacting proteins are involved in various steps of dendrite growth, including the initiation and elongation of dendritic branches and dendritic spines. The aim of this review is to provide a general overview about which particular lipids are involved in shaping dendrite morphology during neuronal differentiation. Additionally, it summarizes recent studies, which helped to gain insights into the mechanisms by which glycerophospholipids and their associated proteins contribute to establishing correct dendritic morphologies.