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Ribosomes01:27

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Ribosomes translate genetic information encoded by messenger RNA (mRNA) into proteins. Both prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells have ribosomes. Cells that synthesize large quantities of protein—such as secretory cells in the human pancreas—can contain millions of ribosomes.
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Isolation of Translating Ribosomes Containing Peptidyl-tRNAs for Functional and Structural Analyses
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Decoding the Function of Expansion Segments in Ribosomes.

Kotaro Fujii1, Teodorus Theo Susanto1, Saumya Saurabh2

  • 1Department of Developmental Biology, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA; Department of Genetics, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA.

Molecular Cell
|December 22, 2018
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Expansion segments (ESs) in eukaryotic ribosomes, like ES27L, unexpectedly regulate translation fidelity. This RNA structure scaffolds methionine amino peptidase (MetAP), enhancing protein synthesis accuracy.

Keywords:
ESES27LMetAPexpansion segmentmethionine amino peptidaserRNAribosometranslation fidelity

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Area of Science:

  • Molecular Biology
  • Genetics
  • Biochemistry

Background:

  • Eukaryotic ribosomes contain enigmatic expansion segments (ESs) with largely unknown functions.
  • The longest ESs, resembling tentacle-like extensions, vary in length and sequence across evolution.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the function of a specific large ES, ES27L, within the eukaryotic ribosome.
  • To determine the role of ES27L in translation fidelity and protein binding.

Main Methods:

  • Selective engineering of ribosomal RNA (rRNA) in yeast.
  • Analysis of translation errors (amino acid misincorporation, readthrough, frameshifting).
  • Quantitative mass spectrometry to identify interacting proteins.

Main Results:

  • Deletion in ES27L increased translation errors, indicating a role in fidelity.
  • ES27L functions as an RNA scaffold for methionine amino peptidase (MetAP).
  • MetAP binding to ES27L enhances its enzymatic activity and controls ribosome decoding accuracy.

Conclusions:

  • Variable ribosomal ESs have crucial functional roles beyond structural components.
  • ESs serve as platforms for proteins that modulate translation accuracy and efficiency.
  • ES27L and MetAP interaction reveals a novel mechanism for controlling protein synthesis fidelity.