Related Experiment Video
Updated: Jan 31, 2026

Robot-Assisted Kidney Transplantation
Published on: July 19, 2021
First Case of Right Malrotated Kidney Transplantation
A I Dokucu1, C Yesildal2, S L Kirecci2
1Department of Pediatric Surgery, Sisli Hamidiye Etfal Training and Research Hospital, Istanbul, Turkey.
Abstract:
Vascular anatomy may widely vary in malrotated kidneys, depending on the degree of rotation. Polar arteries and venules are often accompanied by structural and positional anomalies of the kidney that can make donor nephrectomy more complicated. Detailed evaluation of the donor before surgery is very important for both surgeon and patient. In particular, vascular anatomy should be evaluated in detail by modern imaging methods in donor nephrectomy. Herein we share our experience with right malrotated kidney open donor nephrectomy.
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Kidney Transplant I: Introduction
Kidney Transplant II: Surgical Procedure
Kidney Transplant III: Nursing Management
Kidney Structure
External Anatomy of the Kidney
The kidneys are located in the retroperitoneal space on either side of the vertebral column, protected posteriorly by the 11th and 12th ribs. The right kidney sits slightly lower than the left owing to the presence of the liver...
Internal Anatomy of the Kidney
Anatomical Position and Dimensions
The kidneys are retroperitoneal organs positioned against the posterior abdominal wall on either side of the spine, roughly between the twelfth thoracic and third lumbar vertebrae. Each kidney is typically 10-12 cm long, 5-6 cm wide, and 3-4 cm thick, weighing about 150 grams.
Renal Cortex
The outermost region of the kidney is the...

