Reproducibility in animal models of hypertension: a difficult problem

In 2016, the National Institutes of Health mandated that all grant proposals enhance reproducibility through rigor and transparency. In the past few years, physiological outcomes in established animal models of hypertension, in particular in regard to sex differences, have varied from study to study or laboratory to laboratory. The aim of this commentary is to increase investigator awareness of caveats related to animal models that may be sensitive to vendor-, barrier-, or diet-specific changes that result in an inability to sustain the genotype and/or phenotype of well-established experimental models. These considerations are critical in order for investigators to make informed and educated decisions in regard to their hypothesis-driven research, in particular as it relates to experimental design and interpretation, and the reporting of results.