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Chemistry is the study of matter and the changes it undergoes. Matter is anything that has mass and occupies space. Matter is all around us; the air, water, soil, mountains, even our bodies are all examples of matter. Matter is divided into three states — solid, liquid, and gas — that are commonly found on earth. The fourth state of matter, plasma, occurs naturally in the interiors of stars. 
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The substance of the universe—from a grain of sand to a star—is called matter. Scientists define matter as anything that occupies space and has mass. An object’s mass and its weight are related concepts, but not quite the same. An object’s mass is the amount of matter contained in the object and is the same whether that object is on Earth or in the zero-gravity environment of outer space. An object’s weight, on the other hand, is its mass as affected by the pull of...
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Analysis of the Ambient Particulate Matter-induced Chromosomal Aberrations Using an In Vitro System
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Does happiness matter to health system efficiency? A performance analysis.

Kok Fong See1,2, Siew Hwa Yen3

  • 1Economics Programme, School of Distance Education, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Pulau Pinang, Malaysia. kfsee@usm.my.

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|December 23, 2018
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Summary

Increased societal happiness significantly boosts health system efficiency. Policymakers should prioritize well-being initiatives for better health outcomes and reduced healthcare burdens.

Keywords:
Data envelopment analysisGlobal health systemHappinessInternational benchmarkingTechnical efficiency

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Area of Science:

  • Global Health Systems Analysis
  • Health Economics
  • Societal Well-being Studies

Background:

  • Assessing global health system performance with a focus on happiness's role in efficiency.
  • Utilizing data envelopment analysis (DEA) to measure technical efficiency (TE).
  • Examining inputs like health expenditure, labor, hospital beds, and education against outputs like life expectancy and mortality index.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To evaluate the impact of the happiness index on health system efficiency.
  • To analyze the influence of population density and healthcare's share of GDP on health system performance.

Main Methods:

  • Employing an output-oriented variable returns to scale (VRS) data envelopment analysis (DEA) model.
  • Conducting a double bootstrap DEA analysis for robustness, as proposed by Simar and Wilson (2007).
  • Regressing technical efficiency scores against happiness index, population density, and healthcare share of GDP.

Main Results:

  • Happiness was found to be a significant contributor to health system efficiency.
  • The study indicated that, on average, selected health systems performed well concerning population density and healthcare share of GDP.

Conclusions:

  • Policy-making should integrate strategies to enhance societal happiness and well-being.
  • Policies promoting well-being can lead to improved health outcomes and potentially reduce the overall healthcare burden.
  • Enhancing happiness may be a key factor in improving overall healthcare performance globally.