Jove
Visualize
Contact Us
JoVE
x logofacebook logolinkedin logoyoutube logo
ABOUT JoVE
OverviewLeadershipBlogJoVE Help Center
AUTHORS
Publishing ProcessEditorial BoardScope & PoliciesPeer ReviewFAQSubmit
LIBRARIANS
TestimonialsSubscriptionsAccessResourcesLibrary Advisory BoardFAQ
RESEARCH
JoVE JournalMethods CollectionsJoVE Encyclopedia of ExperimentsArchive
EDUCATION
JoVE CoreJoVE BusinessJoVE Science EducationJoVE Lab ManualFaculty Resource CenterFaculty Site
Terms & Conditions of Use
Privacy Policy
Policies

Related Concept Videos

Drug Dosing: Infants and Children01:29

Drug Dosing: Infants and Children

295
Pediatric patient dosages diverge from adults due to disparities in body surface area, total body water, and extracellular fluid per kilogram of body weight. The dosing regimen considers the variations in pharmacokinetics and pharmacology across distinct age groups, encompassing preterm newborns, infants, young children, older children, and adolescents. Calculation of pediatric patient doses is predicated on determining body surface area, which exhibits a superior correlation with the child's...
295
Regulation of Stroke Volume01:27

Regulation of Stroke Volume

5.2K
The regulation of stroke volume, which is the amount of blood the heart pumps out during each heartbeat, is critical for maintaining a healthy circulatory system. Stroke volume is influenced by three main factors: preload, contractility, and afterload.
Preload refers to the degree of stretch on the heart before it contracts. It's analogous to the stretching of a rubber band; the more it's stretched, the more forcefully it snaps back. This concept is encapsulated in the Frank-Starling law of the...
5.2K
Ischemic Heart Disease: Overview01:17

Ischemic Heart Disease: Overview

3.4K
Ischemic heart disease occurs when the heart's blood supply dwindles, causing an ominous lack of oxygen and nutrients. This deficiency, stemming from reduced or obstructed blood flow, spells danger, leading to heart muscle damage and dysfunction.
Atherosclerosis, the primary malefactor, orchestrates this dangerous condition. It manifests as the accumulation of fatty deposits, akin to insidious plaques, within arterial walls. As time elapses, these plaques metamorphose, hardening and...
3.4K
Cardiac Output and Stroke Volume01:11

Cardiac Output and Stroke Volume

4.9K
Cardiac output (CO) is an integral aspect of human physiology, reflecting the heart's efficiency and responsiveness to the body's needs. It represents the volume of blood that the left or right ventricle ejects into the aorta or pulmonary trunk each minute. The CO is calculated by multiplying the heart rate (HR)—the number of heartbeats per minute—by the stroke volume (SV)—the amount of blood pumped out with each heartbeat.
In an average resting adult male, the typical cardiac...
4.9K
Cardiac Output II: Effect of Stroke Volume on Cardiac Output01:22

Cardiac Output II: Effect of Stroke Volume on Cardiac Output

3.4K
Cardiac output (CO), the amount of blood the heart pumps per minute, is a parameter in cardiovascular physiology determined by stroke volume and heart rate. Stroke volume, the amount of blood pushed from one of the ventricles per heartbeat, is influenced by preload, afterload, and contractility.
Preload
Preload refers to the initial elongation of the cardiac myocytes before contraction and is related to the volume of blood filling the heart at the end of diastole, or end-diastolic volume. The...
3.4K
Pedigree Analysis01:35

Pedigree Analysis

89.4K
Overview
89.4K

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by
Same author

Surgical resection in medulloblastoma: a crossroads in the molecular era.

Child's nervous system : ChNS : official journal of the International Society for Pediatric Neurosurgery·2026
Same author

C6-C7 Corpectomy for Clipping of Ruptured Anterior Radiculomedullary Artery Aneurysm: 2-Dimensional Operative Video.

Operative neurosurgery (Hagerstown, Md.)·2026
Same author

Microsurgical Treatment of a Thoracic Cerebrospinal Fluid-Venous Direct Fistula Causing Refractory Intracranial Hypotension: A 2-Dimensional Operative Video.

Operative neurosurgery (Hagerstown, Md.)·2026
Same author

Late cerebrospinal fluid shunt infections: a Hydrocephalus Clinical Research Network study.

Journal of neurosurgery. Pediatrics·2026
Same author

External Carotid Artery to Radial Artery Graft to M2 Bypass and Microsurgical Resection of an Unruptured Partially Thrombosed M2 Aneurysm: Management of Postoperative Interposition Graft Vasospasm: A 2-Dimensional Operative Video.

Operative neurosurgery (Hagerstown, Md.)·2026
Same author

Microsurgical clip ligation of pericallosal, anterior choroidal, and 2 middle cerebral artery aneurysms through simultaneous transsylvian and interhemispheric approaches: illustrative case.

Journal of neurosurgery. Case lessons·2026

Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jan 31, 2026

Author Spotlight: Establishing a Reliable Distal MCA Occlusion Model in Mice for Stroke Research
07:34

Author Spotlight: Establishing a Reliable Distal MCA Occlusion Model in Mice for Stroke Research

Published on: December 15, 2023

3.3K

Ischemic stroke following elective craniotomy in children.

Nickalus R Khan1, Kenneth Moore1, Jaafar Basma1

  • 1Departments of1Neurosurgery and.

Journal of Neurosurgery. Pediatrics
|December 23, 2018
PubMed
Summary

Pediatric ischemic stroke after elective craniotomy is rare, occurring in 1.8% of cases, primarily following tumor resection. Perforator artery infarcts are most common but may be missed by intraoperative MRI (iMRI).

Keywords:
ACA = anterior cerebral arteryACS NSQIP-P = American College of Surgeons National Surgical Quality Improvement Program–PediatricAChA = anterior choroidal arteryCVA = cerebrovascular accidentDWI = diffusion weighted imagingMCA = middle cerebral arteryPCA = posterior cerebral arterycerebrovascular accidentcraniotomyelectiveiMRI = intraoperative MRIintraoperative MRIischemicmRS = modified Rankin Scalepediatricstrokevascular disorders

More Related Videos

Optimized Management of Endovascular Treatment for Acute Ischemic Stroke
09:21

Optimized Management of Endovascular Treatment for Acute Ischemic Stroke

Published on: January 18, 2018

12.7K
Evaluating Cell Death Signaling by Immunofluorescence in a Rat Model of Ischemic Stroke
11:32

Evaluating Cell Death Signaling by Immunofluorescence in a Rat Model of Ischemic Stroke

Published on: January 3, 2025

1.6K

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Jan 31, 2026

Author Spotlight: Establishing a Reliable Distal MCA Occlusion Model in Mice for Stroke Research
07:34

Author Spotlight: Establishing a Reliable Distal MCA Occlusion Model in Mice for Stroke Research

Published on: December 15, 2023

3.3K
Optimized Management of Endovascular Treatment for Acute Ischemic Stroke
09:21

Optimized Management of Endovascular Treatment for Acute Ischemic Stroke

Published on: January 18, 2018

12.7K
Evaluating Cell Death Signaling by Immunofluorescence in a Rat Model of Ischemic Stroke
11:32

Evaluating Cell Death Signaling by Immunofluorescence in a Rat Model of Ischemic Stroke

Published on: January 3, 2025

1.6K

Area of Science:

  • Pediatric Neurosurgery
  • Cerebrovascular Neurology
  • Medical Imaging

Background:

  • Perioperative ischemic stroke following elective craniotomy in children is considered uncommon.
  • Limited published data exists on the incidence and characteristics of pediatric post-craniotomy strokes.
  • Understanding stroke occurrence is crucial for improving patient outcomes after pediatric intracranial surgery.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the incidence of perioperative stroke after elective craniotomy in a pediatric hospital.
  • To identify risk factors and characteristics of ischemic strokes occurring post-pediatric craniotomy.
  • To evaluate the diagnostic utility of intraoperative MRI (iMRI) for detecting these strokes.

Main Methods:

  • Retrospective review of pediatric patients undergoing elective craniotomy between 2010 and 2017.
  • Data collection from an institutional database including demographics, medical history, radiological findings, and outcomes.
  • Analysis of stroke occurrence, timing, location, etiology, and detection methods.

Main Results:

  • A total of 1591 elective craniotomies were performed, with 28 (1.8%) followed by a perioperative stroke.
  • Strokes predominantly occurred adjacent to tumor resection sites (86%), were unilateral (89%), unifocal (93%), and supratentorial (93%).
  • Perforating artery infarcts were most common (39.3%), followed by large vessel (35.7%), venous (14.3%), and hypoperfusion/embolic causes (10.7%).
  • Intraoperative MRI (iMRI) failed to detect 55% of deep infarcts.

Conclusions:

  • The incidence of ischemic stroke after pediatric elective craniotomy is low (1.8%).
  • Tumor resection is the primary context for these strokes, with perforator artery infarcts being the most frequent type.
  • Deep infarcts may be missed by intraoperative MRI (iMRI), highlighting potential limitations in real-time detection.