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Related Concept Videos

Frequency-dependent Selection01:21

Frequency-dependent Selection

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When the fitness of a trait is influenced by how common it is (i.e., its frequency) relative to different traits within a population, this is referred to as frequency-dependent selection. Frequency-dependent selection may occur between species or within a single species. This type of selection can either be positive—with more common phenotypes having higher fitness—or negative, with rarer phenotypes conferring increased fitness.
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A fixed action pattern (FAP) is a specific, hard-wired sequence of behaviors that occurs in response to an external stimulus, called a sign stimulus. The behavior is “fixed” because it is essentially unchangeable—proceeding similarly across individuals of a species every time it occurs.
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Sequencing of the human genome has opened up several best-kept secrets of the genome. Scientists have identified thousands of genome variations that exist within a population. These variations can be a single nucleotide or a larger chromosomal variation.
Copy number variations or CNVs are the structural variations that cover more than 1kb of DNA sequence. The single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP), on the other hand, is a single nucleotide change or a point mutation that is found in more than 1%...
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What is Natural Selection?01:32

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Natural selection is an evolutionary process in which individuals with survival-promoting traits reproduce at higher rates. These favorable traits become more common within a population or species. Naturally selected traits initially arise via random genetic mutations. In order for selection to occur, there must be variation within a population, the trait controlling the variation must be heritable, and there must be an evolutionary advantage for variation in the trait.
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Comparative transcriptomics identifies patterns of selection in roses.

Shubin Li1,2, Micai Zhong3,4, Xue Dong3

  • 1Beijing Key Laboratory of Ornamental Plants Germplasm Innovation & Molecular Breeding, National Engineering Research Center for Floriculture, Beijing Laboratory of Urban and Rural Ecological Environment, Key Laboratory of Genetics and Breeding in Forest Trees and Ornamental Plants of Ministry of Education, School of Landscape Architecture, Beijing Forestry University, 35 East Qinghua Road, Beijing, 100083, China.

BMC Plant Biology
|December 24, 2018
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Researchers generated reference transcriptomes for two rose species to identify phylogenetic markers and understand natural selection. This study provides valuable genomic tools for rose biology, domestication, and breeding efforts.

Keywords:
Comparative transcriptomicsRosa sp.Rosa-specificRosaceae-commonSelection pattern

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Area of Science:

  • Genomics
  • Plant Biology
  • Evolutionary Biology

Background:

  • Roses possess significant economic and biological importance, but their classification is challenging due to hybridization and heterozygosity.
  • Understanding rose genetics is crucial for breeding and appreciating their diverse traits.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To generate high-quality reference transcriptomes for two key rose species.
  • To identify conserved and specific transcripts for phylogenetic analysis.
  • To investigate patterns of natural selection in rose evolution.

Main Methods:

  • Generated and assembled reference transcriptomes for Rosa chinensis 'Old Blush' and R. wichuriana 'Basye's Thornless'.
  • Compared transcriptomes to identify conserved, Rosaceae-common, and Rosa-specific transcripts.
  • Analyzed Rosaceae-common transcripts for signatures of positive selection and gene enrichment.

Main Results:

  • Developed high-quality reference transcriptomes with N50 > 2000 bp.
  • Identified 10,073 shared transcripts between the two rose species, with 5959 conserved within the Rosa genus.
  • Discovered 4447 Rosaceae-common transcripts and 164 Rosa-specific transcripts.
  • Found 409 Rosaceae-common transcripts under positive selection, with nine linked to DNA repair and environmental responses.
  • Enriched F-box and TMV resistant proteins in Rosa-specific genes.

Conclusions:

  • The identified Rosaceae-common and Rosa-specific transcripts will aid phylogenetic analysis and the study of rose-specific biology.
  • This genomic data provides essential tools for understanding rose biology, domestication, and improving rose breeding.