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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jan 31, 2026

Embryo Microinjection and Electroporation in the Chordate Ciona intestinalis

Embryo Microinjection and Electroporation in the Chordate Ciona intestinalis

Published on: October 16, 2016

Functional conserved non-coding elements among tunicates and chordates.

Luca Ambrosino¹, Quirino Attilio Vassalli², Ylenia D'Agostino²

¹Department of Research Infrastructures for Marine biological Resources, Stazione Zoologica Anton Dohrn, Villa Comunale, 80121 Napoli, Italy.

Developmental Biology

|December 24, 2018

Summary

This summary is machine-generated.

Conserved non-coding elements (CNEs) play crucial roles in gene regulation across species. This study identified novel CNEs and demonstrated their functional conservation, highlighting the importance of integrating bioinformatics and experimental validation for evolutionary studies.

Keywords:

CNE Chordate evolution Homeobox-containing genes Regulatory elements

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Last Updated: Jan 31, 2026

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Published on: October 16, 2016

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Published on: November 28, 2018

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Area of Science:

Genomics
Developmental Biology
Evolutionary Biology

Background:

Conserved non-coding elements (CNEs) are found across metazoan genomes and are implicated in transcriptional regulation.
Identifying functional CNEs, especially in highly divergent species like tunicates, is challenging due to rapid sequence evolution.
A combination of bioinformatics and experimental methods is crucial for characterizing CNEs across diverse species.

Purpose of the Study:

To identify and experimentally validate novel conserved non-coding elements (CNEs) with regulatory activity.
To investigate the cross-species functional conservation of CNEs associated with developmental control genes.
To compare CNEs across chordates and tunicates to understand evolutionary patterns of regulatory elements.

Main Methods:

Comparative genomics approach to identify putative CNEs across distantly related chordates (including vertebrates, cephalochordates, and tunicates).
Experimental validation using transgenic embryos (C. robusta and D. rerio) to test the regulatory activity of identified CNEs.
Bioinformatic analysis of tunicate genomes to locate homologous regions and CNEs, followed by comparison with chordate CNEs.

Main Results:

Experimental validation confirmed the regulatory activity and cross-species functional conservation of novel CNEs in developmental genes.
Identification of homologous regions and potential CNEs in tunicate genomes.
Absence of sequence conservation in regulatory elements between tunicates and chordates, despite conserved regulatory patterns, suggesting evolutionary divergence.

Conclusions:

An integrative in-silico and in-vivo approach is essential for robust CNE identification and functional characterization.
Evolutionary divergence in regulatory element sequences can occur even when regulatory patterns are conserved.
This study provides novel insights into the evolution of gene regulation and the functional significance of CNEs in developmental processes.