Jove
Visualize
Contact Us
JoVE
x logofacebook logolinkedin logoyoutube logo
ABOUT JoVE
OverviewLeadershipBlogJoVE Help Center
AUTHORS
Publishing ProcessEditorial BoardScope & PoliciesPeer ReviewFAQSubmit
LIBRARIANS
TestimonialsSubscriptionsAccessResourcesLibrary Advisory BoardFAQ
RESEARCH
JoVE JournalMethods CollectionsJoVE Encyclopedia of ExperimentsArchive
EDUCATION
JoVE CoreJoVE BusinessJoVE Science EducationJoVE Lab ManualFaculty Resource CenterFaculty Site
Terms & Conditions of Use
Privacy Policy
Policies

Related Concept Videos

Torque01:10

Torque

22.4K
Torque is an important quantity for describing the dynamics of a rotating rigid body. We see the application of torque in many ways in the world, such as when pressing the accelerator in a car, which causes the engine to apply additional torque on the drivetrain. Here, we define torque and provide a framework to create an equation to calculate torque for a rigid body with fixed-axis rotation.
Torque can be considered as the rotational counterpart to force. Since forces change the translational...
22.4K
Torque Free Motion01:15

Torque Free Motion

812
The torque-free motion refers to the movement of a rigid body in space when no external torques are acting upon it. This type of motion can be observed in environments where there are no external forces or frictions, like in outer space. For example, a rotation of Mars in space is a torque-free motion. Mars is an axisymmetric object, meaning it has an axis of symmetry along which it rotates, designated as the z-axis. The rotating frame of reference is defined such that the center of mass of...
812
Net Torque Calculations01:19

Net Torque Calculations

11.4K
When a mechanic tries to remove a hex nut with a wrench, it is easier if the force is applied at the farthest end of the wrench handle. The lever arm is the distance from the pivot point (the hex nut in this case) to the person’s hand. If this distance is large, the torque is higher. Only the component of the force perpendicular to the lever arm contributes to the torque. Therefore, pushing the wrench perpendicular to the lever arm is more advantageous. If multiple people apply force to...
11.4K
Fixation and Sectioning01:03

Fixation and Sectioning

7.9K
Two basic types of preparation are used to visualize specimens with a light microscope: wet mounts and fixed specimens.
The simplest type of preparation is the wet mount, in which the specimen is placed in a drop of liquid on the slide. A liquid specimen can be directly deposited on the slide using a dropper. Solid specimens, such as skin scraping, can be placed on the slide before adding a drop of liquid to prepare the wet mount. Sometimes the liquid is simply water, but stains are often added...
7.9K
Torque On A Current Loop In A Magnetic Field01:13

Torque On A Current Loop In A Magnetic Field

5.9K
The most common application of magnetic force on current-carrying wires is in electric motors. These consist of loops of wire, which are placed between the magnets with a magnetic field. When current flows through the loops, the magnetic field applies torque, which causes the shaft to rotate, thus converting electrical energy to mechanical energy.
Consider a rectangular current-carrying loop containing N turns of wire, placed in a uniform magnetic field. The net force on a current-carrying loop...
5.9K
Carbon-dioxide Fixation01:28

Carbon-dioxide Fixation

713
Carbon dioxide fixation in prokaryotes enables the assimilation of inorganic carbon into organic molecules, supporting biosynthetic pathways, sustaining ecosystems, and contributing to the global carbon cycle. It also has industrial applications in carbon capture and bioproduct synthesis. Autotrophic organisms rely on this process to utilize CO₂ as a carbon source in diverse environments.The Calvin CycleThe Calvin cycle is the most widespread carbon fixation mechanism, primarily used by...
713

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by
Same author

Development of a low-cost external fixation system: an off-label solution for resource-limited settings.

European journal of trauma and emergency surgery : official publication of the European Trauma Society·2026
Same author

Comparison of five commercially available lateral flow assays for the rapid detection of B. anthracis in environmental samples.

Journal of applied microbiology·2026
Same author

Biomechanical Stability of Tibia Plateau Fracture Treatment: Conventional vs. Finite Element-Based Preoperative Planning.

Journal of orthopaedic research : official publication of the Orthopaedic Research Society·2026
Same author

A model-based approach for B/A estimation using the finite amplitude insertion-substitution method.

The Journal of the Acoustical Society of America·2026
Same author

Can FEM-based preoperative planning for complex tibial plateau fractures improve surgical skills? A cadaver study.

Journal of orthopaedic surgery and research·2026
Same author

Does undersizing of the tibial component in unicompartmental knee arthroplasty increase the risk of fracture? A biomechanical study.

Knee surgery & related research·2025

Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jan 31, 2026

Modeling Primary Bone Tumors and Bone Metastasis with Solid Tumor Graft Implantation into Bone
06:53

Modeling Primary Bone Tumors and Bone Metastasis with Solid Tumor Graft Implantation into Bone

Published on: September 9, 2020

3.3K

Bone surrogates provide authentic onlay graft fixation torques.

Marianne Hollensteiner1, Peter Augat2, David Fürst3

  • 1Research Group for Surgical Simulators Linz, Upper Austria University of Applied Sciences, School of Applied Health and Social Sciences, Garnisonstr.21, 4020 Linz, Austria; Institute of Biomechanics, BG Unfallklinik Murnau, Germany and Paracelsus Medical University Salzburg, Prof. Küntscher Str. 8, 82418 Murnau am Staffelsee, Germany.

Journal of the Mechanical Behavior of Biomedical Materials
|December 24, 2018
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

New synthetic bone materials accurately mimic human bone for surgical training. These polyurethane-based surrogates offer realistic haptic feedback for onlay bone graft screw placement, enhancing surgeon education.

Keywords:
BiomechanicsScrew FixationSimulatorSynthetic BonesTorque

More Related Videos

Preparation and Analysis of In Vitro Three Dimensional Breast Carcinoma Surrogates
08:16

Preparation and Analysis of In Vitro Three Dimensional Breast Carcinoma Surrogates

Published on: May 9, 2016

11.1K
Adjustable Stiffness, External Fixator for the Rat Femur Osteotomy and Segmental Bone Defect Models
10:09

Adjustable Stiffness, External Fixator for the Rat Femur Osteotomy and Segmental Bone Defect Models

Published on: October 9, 2014

23.3K

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Jan 31, 2026

Modeling Primary Bone Tumors and Bone Metastasis with Solid Tumor Graft Implantation into Bone
06:53

Modeling Primary Bone Tumors and Bone Metastasis with Solid Tumor Graft Implantation into Bone

Published on: September 9, 2020

3.3K
Preparation and Analysis of In Vitro Three Dimensional Breast Carcinoma Surrogates
08:16

Preparation and Analysis of In Vitro Three Dimensional Breast Carcinoma Surrogates

Published on: May 9, 2016

11.1K
Adjustable Stiffness, External Fixator for the Rat Femur Osteotomy and Segmental Bone Defect Models
10:09

Adjustable Stiffness, External Fixator for the Rat Femur Osteotomy and Segmental Bone Defect Models

Published on: October 9, 2014

23.3K

Area of Science:

  • Biomaterials Science
  • Surgical Simulation
  • Orthopedic Surgery

Background:

  • Onlay graft bone augmentation reconstructs alveolar ridge height after tooth loss.
  • Cranial grafts are secured with screws, necessitating precise surgical technique to protect nerves.
  • Surgeon education and experience are crucial for safe and effective graft procedures.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To evaluate synthetic bone materials for onlay block graft screw placement training.
  • To compare the haptic properties of synthetic bone surrogates with human parietal bone.
  • To develop realistic training tools for enhancing surgeon skills in bone grafting.

Main Methods:

  • Six polyurethane-based bone surrogate composites with varying mineral fillers and blowing agents were developed.
  • Screw insertion torques were measured using a custom testbench with pre-drilled human and synthetic bone specimens.
  • Haptic properties were analyzed by comparing the slope of screw insertion torques.

Main Results:

  • Two specific polyurethane composites (75% mineral filler/0.75% blowing agent and 100% mineral filler/1.00% blowing agent) demonstrated screw insertion torques comparable to human parietal bone.
  • Other tested surrogates exhibited significantly lower torques than human bone.
  • The developed synthetic bones successfully mimic the haptic feedback of real bone for screw fixation.

Conclusions:

  • Two novel polyurethane-based materials effectively replicate the haptic properties required for onlay bone graft screw fixation.
  • These validated surrogates can be utilized in simulators to train novice surgeons on screw placement techniques.
  • The study provides a foundation for advanced surgical simulation in bone augmentation procedures.