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Autistic traits and sleep in typically developing adolescents.

Liisa Salmela1, Liisa Kuula1, Ilona Merikanto2

  • 1Department of Psychology and Logopedics, Faculty of Medicine, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland.

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Area of Science:

  • Neurodevelopmental disorders
  • Sleep science
  • Adolescent psychology

Background:

  • Autism spectrum disorder (ASD) is linked to sleep issues and psychiatric comorbidities in adolescents.
  • The relationship between subclinical autistic traits and sleep problems remains under-explored.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the association between elevated subclinical autistic traits and sleep problems in adolescents.
  • To determine if autistic traits predict sleep issues independently of other psychiatric symptoms.

Main Methods:

  • Utilized data from a 1998 birth cohort, analyzing 157 17-year-old adolescents.
  • Assessed autistic traits with the Autism Spectrum Quotient (AQ); controlled for anxiety, depression, and ADHD.
  • Measured sleep duration via actigraphy and sleep quality using the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI).

Main Results:

  • Higher levels of autistic traits were significantly associated with shorter weekday sleep duration.
  • Autistic traits remained an independent predictor of short sleep duration (OR 1.14; 95% CI: 1.03-1.26) after controlling for psychiatric comorbidities.

Conclusions:

  • Subclinical autistic traits may represent an underlying factor contributing to sleep problems in adolescents.
  • Considering autistic traits is important for understanding and addressing sleep disturbances in this age group.