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Evolution of multiple global virtual material flows.

Zhenci Xu1, Sophia N Chau1, Franco Ruzzenenti2

  • 1Center for Systems Integration and Sustainability, Michigan State University, East Lansing 48823, USA.

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|December 24, 2018
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Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Global trade involves increasing flows of virtual water, energy, CO2, nitrogen, and financial capital, with decreasing land transfer. These interconnected flows, particularly CO2 and nitrogen, exhibit synergistic effects, impacting global sustainability.

Keywords:
CO(2)EnergyGlobal networksNitrogenWater

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Area of Science:

  • Environmental Science
  • Economics
  • Sustainability Studies

Background:

  • Global trade connects nations through complex material and financial flows.
  • Understanding the dynamics and interactions of these flows is crucial for sustainability.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To assess the temporal evolution and interactions of global virtual water, energy, land, CO2, nitrogen, and financial capital flows from 1995 to 2008.
  • To identify patterns in these flows, including their geographical distribution and synergistic effects.

Main Methods:

  • Analysis of international trade data from 1995 to 2008.
  • Quantification of virtual water, energy, land, CO2, nitrogen, and financial capital flows.
  • Assessment of temporal trends and interrelationships between different flow types.

Main Results:

  • All analyzed flows, except land, increased between 1995 and 2008.
  • Financial capital, CO2, and energy flows showed the most significant increases.
  • Virtual material flows were higher between distant countries, and top five countries dominated total flow volumes.
  • Synergistic effects were observed among different flow types, with CO2 and nitrogen flows having stronger positive impacts.

Conclusions:

  • Growing virtual material flows necessitate focused attention for global sustainable development.
  • Promoting cooperation between distant trading partners and engaging major flow-contributing countries are key strategies.
  • The interconnectedness and synergistic impacts of these flows highlight the need for integrated management approaches.