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Targeting mitochondrial quality control for treating sarcopenia: lessons from physical exercise.

Anna Picca1,2, Riccardo Calvani1,2, Christiaan Leeuwenburgh3

  • 1a Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Institute of Internal Medicine and Geriatrics , Rome , Italy.

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Mitochondrial dysfunction contributes to aging-related muscle loss (sarcopenia). Physical exercise improves mitochondrial health and combats sarcopenia by enhancing muscle quality control mechanisms.

Keywords:
autophagymitochondrial biogenesismitochondrial dynamicsmitochondrial proteostasismitophagyphysical activityphysical exerciseresistance training

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Area of Science:

  • Gerontology
  • Muscle Physiology
  • Mitochondrial Biology

Background:

  • Mitochondrial dysfunction is a key feature of aging.
  • Sarcopenia, age-related muscle loss, is linked to impaired mitochondrial homeostasis.
  • Accumulation of damaged mitochondria occurs in aged muscle.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review evidence linking mitochondrial dysfunction to sarcopenia.
  • To explore mechanisms of damaged mitochondrial accumulation in aging muscle.
  • To discuss the impact of physical exercise on mitochondrial quality control and muscle health in aging.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review and synthesis of existing research.
  • Discussion of molecular mechanisms of mitochondrial dysfunction in sarcopenia.
  • Analysis of the role of physical exercise in mitigating age-related muscle changes.

Main Results:

  • Altered mitochondrial quality control (proteostasis, biogenesis, dynamics, autophagy) in aged muscle.
  • Impaired mitochondrial quality control is implicated in sarcopenia pathogenesis.
  • Physical exercise positively impacts mitochondrial health and muscle plasticity in older adults.

Conclusions:

  • Mitochondrial dysfunction plays a significant role in sarcopenia.
  • Physical exercise is a primary intervention for sarcopenia management.
  • Further research into exercise-induced molecular changes in muscle mitochondria is needed for targeted interventions.