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Updated: Jan 31, 2026

Imaging of Extracellular Vesicles by Atomic Force Microscopy
Published on: September 11, 2019
Imaging extracellular vesicles: current and emerging methods
Steven Ting-Yu Chuo1, Jasper Che-Yung Chien1, Charles Pin-Kuang Lai2,3,4
1Institute of Atomic and Molecular Sciences, Academia Sinica, No. 1, Roosevelt Rd., Sec. 4, Taipei, 10617, Taiwan.
Abstract:
Extracellular vesicles (EVs) are lipid bilayer-enclosed nanoparticles released by cells. They range from 30 nm to several micrometers in diameter, and ferry biological cargos such as proteins, lipids, RNAs and DNAs for local and distant intercellular communications. EVs have since been found to play a role in development, as well as in diseases including cancers. To elucidate the roles of EVs, researchers have established different methods to visualize and study their spatiotemporal properties. However, since EV are nanometer-sized, imaging them demands a full understanding of each labeling strategy to ensure accurate monitoring. This review covers current and emerging strategies for EV imaging for prospective studies.
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