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Related Concept Videos

Induced Pluripotent Stem Cells01:13

Induced Pluripotent Stem Cells

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Stem cells are undifferentiated cells that divide and produce different types of cells. Ordinarily, cells that have differentiated into a specific cell type are post-mitotic—that is, they no longer divide. However, scientists have found a way to reprogram these mature cells so that they “de-differentiate” and return to an unspecialized, proliferative state. These cells are also pluripotent like embryonic stem cells—able to produce all cell types—and are therefore...
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Induced Pluripotent Stem Cells01:06

Induced Pluripotent Stem Cells

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Stem cells are undifferentiated cells that divide and produce different cell types. Ordinarily, cells that have differentiated into a specific cell type are terminally differentiated; however, scientists have found a way to reprogram these mature cells so that they dedifferentiate and return to an unspecialized, proliferative state. These cells are pluripotent like embryonic stem cells—able to produce all cell types—and are called induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs).
Somatic...
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Embryonic Stem Cells00:58

Embryonic Stem Cells

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Embryonic stem (ES) cells are undifferentiated pluripotent cells, meaning they can produce any cell type in the body. This gives them tremendous potential in science and medicine since they can generate specific cell types for use in research or to replace body cells lost due to damage or disease.
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Embryonic Stem Cells00:57

Embryonic Stem Cells

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Embryonic stem (ES) cells were first discovered in mice in 1981 by Martin Evans. In 1998, James Thomson identified a method to isolate embryonic stem cells from humans. Human embryonic stem cells (hESCs) are obtained from 3-5 day old embryos that remain unused after an in vitro fertilization procedure.
ES cells are grown in a culture medium where they can divide indefinitely, creating ES cell lines. Under certain conditions, ES cells can differentiate, either spontaneously into a variety of...
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Distinctive Features of Adult Stem Cells vs Cancer Stem Cells01:18

Distinctive Features of Adult Stem Cells vs Cancer Stem Cells

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A stem cell is an unspecialized cell that can divide without limit as needed and can, under specific conditions, differentiate into specialized cells.
Adult stem cells
Adult stem cells are tissue-specific; hence, they divide to develop the tissue from which they originate. One type of adult stem cell is the epithelial stem cell, which gives rise to the keratinocytes in the multiple layers of epithelial cells in the epidermis of the skin. Adult bone marrow has three distinct types of stem cells:...
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Cancer Stem Cells and Tumor Maintenance02:40

Cancer Stem Cells and Tumor Maintenance

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Early diagnosis and treatment can often cure cancer. However, even with treatment, residual cells called cancer stem cells (CSC) might remain, often causing tumor recurrence. These cancer stem cells possess the potential for self-renewal and multi-lineage differentiation and are often responsible for the therapeutic resistance displayed in most cancers.
Cancer stem cells are thought to originate from tissue-specific normal stem cells or progenitor cells. The normal stem cells usually reside in...
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Updated: Jan 31, 2026

A Simplified Method for Generating Kidney Organoids from Human Pluripotent Stem Cells
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Constructing and Deconstructing Cancers using Human Pluripotent Stem Cells and Organoids.

Ryan C Smith1, Viviane Tabar1

  • 1Department of Neurosurgery, Brain Tumor Center, and Center for Stem Cell Biology, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY 10065, USA; Louis V. Gerstner, Jr., Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY 10065, USA.

Cell Stem Cell
|December 25, 2018
PubMed
Summary

Human pluripotent stem cells (hPSCs) and organoids offer new insights into cancer development and treatment. These models help researchers understand genetic alterations, cell identity, and tumor heterogeneity for improved cancer research.

Keywords:
cancercell identitycell-of-origindifferentiationdisease modelingdrug screeninggenome editingorganoidspluripotent stem cellstumor heterogeneity

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Area of Science:

  • Oncology
  • Stem Cell Biology
  • Genetics

Background:

  • Traditional cancer research models like cell lines and animal models have limitations.
  • Human pluripotent stem cells (hPSCs) and organoids are emerging as powerful tools in cancer research.
  • These advanced models provide more human-relevant insights into complex cancer biology.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review recent advancements in cancer research utilizing hPSCs and organoids.
  • To elucidate the interplay between genetic alterations and cell identity in cancer formation.
  • To explore how organoids model tumor heterogeneity and treatment responses.

Main Methods:

  • Review of current scientific literature on hPSCs and organoids in cancer research.
  • Analysis of studies investigating genetic alterations and cell identity in cancer.
  • Examination of organoid models for recapitulating tumor heterogeneity and treatment efficacy.

Main Results:

  • hPSCs and organoids are crucial for understanding tumor development, progression, and treatment responses.
  • Studies highlight the reciprocal roles of genetic changes and cell identity in oncogenesis.
  • Organoid models effectively capture intra- and inter-tumoral heterogeneity.

Conclusions:

  • hPSC-derived organoids and genome editing present significant future opportunities for cancer research.
  • These innovative models enhance our understanding of cancer biology and personalized medicine.
  • Further research using these platforms will accelerate the development of novel cancer therapies.