Superficial stromal keratitis in the dog

Area of Science:

• Veterinary Ophthalmology
• Canine Pathology

Background:

• Superficial stromal keratitis (SSK), also known as pannus, is an inflammatory condition affecting the cornea, conjunctiva, and third eyelid in dogs.
• It typically manifests as subepithelial corneal infiltration originating from the limbus, with German Shepherds being the most commonly affected breed.

Purpose of the Study:

• To describe the clinical presentation, common breed predisposition, and management strategies for superficial stromal keratitis in dogs.
• To identify potential contributing factors and secondary complications associated with SSK.

Main Methods:

• Clinical observation and case review of dogs diagnosed with superficial stromal keratitis.
• Review of diagnostic findings and treatment outcomes for affected dogs.

Main Results:

• SSK presents as corneal infiltration, often from the temporal limbus, and can include conjunctival and third eyelid inflammation.
• German Shepherds are the most frequently diagnosed breed. Sunlight is considered a significant contributing factor.
• Topical corticosteroids are the primary treatment, with cryosurgery or keratectomy reserved for severe pigment or granulation tissue accumulation.

Conclusions:

• Superficial stromal keratitis is a manageable condition in dogs, with medical therapy being highly effective.
• Environmental factors, particularly sunlight, likely play a role in the multifactorial etiology of SSK.
• Secondary conditions like corneal lipidosis and keratoconjunctivitis sicca can arise from SSK.