The effects of Le Fort I osteotomy on velopharyngeal function in cleft patients

Maxillary advancement may affect speech in cleft patients. The aim of this study was to evaluate whether preoperative velopharyngeal (VP) function and cleft type can predict VP function after a Le Fort I maxillary osteotomy.

One hundred consecutive nonsyndromic cleft patients (54 females, 64 males) who underwent Le Fort I osteotomies were retrospectively evaluated. Pre- and postoperative VP function was assessed perceptually and instrumentally by a Nasometer. A five-point scale was used to rate velopharyngeal insufficiency symptoms (VPI 0-4). To assess reliability, 30 video recordings were re-evaluated.

Preoperatively, 89% of patients had normal or insignificant VPI (0-1), and only 3% had moderate VPI (3). Postoperatively, 77% of patients had VPI values of 0-1 and 14% had moderate to severe VPI values (VPI 3-4). A positive correlation was found between pre- and postoperative VPI scores, whereas the cleft type did not affect speech results. Patients with a preoperatively normal VPI (0) were not at risk for postoperative velopharyngeal incompetence.

There was an overall significant negative change in speech after a Le Fort I osteotomy. At-risk patients presented with borderline (1) or more severe VPI (2 and 3) preoperatively.