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Reporting of Sample Size Parameters in Randomized Controlled Trials Published in Prosthodontic Journals.

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|December 25, 2018
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Sample size reporting in prosthodontic randomized controlled trials (RCTs) is often inadequate. Many studies fail to report essential parameters like minimal clinically relevant difference and variability, hindering research reproducibility.

Keywords:
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Area of Science:

  • Dental Research
  • Clinical Trials Methodology

Background:

  • Proper sample size determination is crucial for the validity and feasibility of randomized controlled trials (RCTs).
  • Inadequate sample sizes can lead to underpowered studies, while overly large samples may be impractical.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To assess the reporting quality of sample size methodology and parameters in prosthodontic RCTs.
  • To identify common practices and deficiencies in sample size reporting within this specialty.

Main Methods:

  • A systematic search of MEDLINE identified RCTs published in The Journal of Prosthodontics and The Journal of Prosthetic Dentistry (2008-2017).
  • Abstract and methodology sections were reviewed for reporting of sample size calculation methods and key parameters: type I error (α), type II error (β)/power, minimal clinically relevant difference (MCRD), and variability.

Main Results:

  • Of 42 included RCTs, only 50% reported the sample size determination method, and a mere 17% reported all four key parameters.
  • Type I error (α) was reported in 90% of studies, power in 38%, MCRD in 26%, and variability in only 12%.

Conclusions:

  • Reporting of sample size methodology and parameters in prosthodontic RCTs is insufficient.
  • This lack of comprehensive reporting may compromise the reliability and interpretability of findings in dental research.