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Updated: Jan 31, 2026

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Primary prevention: a need for concerted action.

Joachim Schüz1, Carolina Espina1, Christopher P Wild1

  • 1International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC), Lyon, France.

Molecular Oncology
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PubMed
Summary

Cancer incidence is rising globally, with Europe facing increasing cancer cases and deaths. Half of all cancers are preventable through measures like smoking cessation, highlighting the need for enhanced cancer prevention strategies.

Keywords:
Europecancer burdencancer preventionrisk factorstobacco control

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Area of Science:

  • Oncology
  • Public Health
  • Cancer Epidemiology

Background:

  • Global cancer burden is increasing, impacting Europe with rising incidence and mortality rates.
  • Aging populations contribute to increased cancer deaths despite declining mortality rates in some European countries.
  • Growing cancer cases strain healthcare systems and raise concerns about sustainability.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To highlight the increasing cancer burden in Europe and its impact on healthcare.
  • To emphasize the significant potential for cancer prevention.
  • To advocate for enhanced cancer prevention strategies and coordinated efforts.

Main Methods:

  • Analysis of cancer incidence and mortality data in European countries.
  • Review of estimates on preventable cancer fractions.
  • Examination of current cancer prevention implementation, particularly tobacco control.

Main Results:

  • Estimated cancer incidence rates in Europe: 436/100,000 for men and 332.6/100,000 for women (2018).
  • Approximately 50% of all cancer cases are preventable through effective prevention measures.
  • Smoking is a major contributor to preventable cancers, yet tobacco control implementation remains fragmented.

Conclusions:

  • Cancer treatment alone is insufficient; prevention is critical to manage the growing cancer burden.
  • There is a significant gap between the potential for cancer prevention and its effective implementation in Europe.
  • Strengthened cancer prevention requires increased resources, political support, societal engagement, and a unified voice, such as through 'Cancer Prevention Europe'.