Jove
Visualize
Contact Us
JoVE
x logofacebook logolinkedin logoyoutube logo
ABOUT JoVE
OverviewLeadershipBlogJoVE Help Center
AUTHORS
Publishing ProcessEditorial BoardScope & PoliciesPeer ReviewFAQSubmit
LIBRARIANS
TestimonialsSubscriptionsAccessResourcesLibrary Advisory BoardFAQ
RESEARCH
JoVE JournalMethods CollectionsJoVE Encyclopedia of ExperimentsArchive
EDUCATION
JoVE CoreJoVE BusinessJoVE Science EducationJoVE Lab ManualFaculty Resource CenterFaculty Site
Terms & Conditions of Use
Privacy Policy
Policies

Related Concept Videos

First Pass Effect01:12

First Pass Effect

9.3K
Presystemic elimination, or the first-pass effect, is the metabolism of drugs that reduces their effective concentration at the site of action. Apart from the first-pass effect, the systemic bioavailability of the drug is also reduced by other factors, including incomplete absorption or chemical degradation of drugs.
Depending on the route of administration, drugs can be metabolized in the liver, intestine, lungs, and vasculature. Orally administered drugs are first absorbed through the...
9.3K
Protein Networks02:26

Protein Networks

4.5K
An organism can have thousands of different proteins, and these proteins must cooperate to ensure the health of an organism. Proteins bind to other proteins and form complexes to carry out their functions. Many proteins interact with multiple other proteins creating a complex network of protein interactions.
These interactions can be represented through maps depicting protein-protein interaction networks, represented as nodes and edges. Nodes are circles that are representative of a protein,...
4.5K
Single-pass Transmembrane Proteins01:25

Single-pass Transmembrane Proteins

6.6K
Integral membrane proteins are tightly associated with the cell membrane and play a crucial role in cell communication, signaling, adhesion, and transport of the molecules. Some integral membrane proteins are present only in the membrane monolayer. For example, the enzyme fatty acid amide hydrolase is present in the cytoplasmic side of the membrane monolayer. In contrast, another type of integral membrane protein, also known as a transmembrane protein, spans across the membrane. Transmembrane...
6.6K
Network Covalent Solids02:18

Network Covalent Solids

16.2K
Network covalent solids contain a three-dimensional network of covalently bonded atoms as found in the crystal structures of nonmetals like diamond, graphite, silicon, and some covalent compounds, such as silicon dioxide (sand) and silicon carbide (carborundum, the abrasive on sandpaper). Many minerals have networks of covalent bonds.
To break or to melt a covalent network solid, covalent bonds must be broken. Because covalent bonds are relatively strong, covalent network solids are typically...
16.2K
Self-Evaluation: Self-Enhancement and Self-Verification03:00

Self-Evaluation: Self-Enhancement and Self-Verification

5.8K
Social psychologists have documented that feeling good about ourselves and maintaining positive self-esteem is a powerful motivator of human behavior (Tavris & Aronson, 2008). In the United States, members of the predominant culture typically think very highly of themselves and view themselves as good people who are above average on many desirable traits (Ehrlinger, Gilovich, & Ross, 2005). Often, our behavior, attitudes, and beliefs are affected when we experience a threat to our...
5.8K
Factors Influencing Bioavailability: First-Pass Elimination01:23

Factors Influencing Bioavailability: First-Pass Elimination

8.1K
When a drug is taken orally, it undergoes a journey starting from the gastrointestinal (GI) tract, passing through the portal vein, reaching the liver, and finally entering the systemic circulation. This process involves the absorption of the drug across the GI tract. The liver is the primary site for metabolizing the drug, with some metabolism also occurring in the gut wall. This journey significantly reduces the quantity of the drug that reaches the systemic circulation, a phenomenon known as...
8.1K

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by
Same author

Automated BigSMILES conversion workflow and dataset for homopolymeric macromolecules.

Scientific data·2024
Same author

Measuring Optokinetic Reflex and Vestibulo-Ocular Reflex in Unilateral Vestibular Organ Damage Model of Zebrafish.

Journal of the Association for Research in Otolaryngology : JARO·2024
Same author

Accelerating open modification spectral library searching on tensor core in high-dimensional space.

Bioinformatics (Oxford, England)·2023
Same author

Intelligent Feature Selection for ECG-Based Personal Authentication Using Deep Reinforcement Learning.

Sensors (Basel, Switzerland)·2023
Same author

Vehicular Localization Enhancement via Consensus.

Sensors (Basel, Switzerland)·2020
Same author

Numerical Characterization for Electrical Conductivity of Two-Dimensional Nanocomposite Systems with Conducting Fiber Fillers.

Materials (Basel, Switzerland)·2020
Same journal

RETRACTED: Zhang et al. A Novel Framework for Reconstruction and Imaging of Target Scattering Centers via Wide-Angle Incidence in Radar Networks. <i>Sensors</i> 2025, <i>25</i>, 6802.

Sensors (Basel, Switzerland)·2026
Same journal

Enhancing Unsupervised Multi-Source Domain Adaptation for Person Re-Identification via Mixture of Experts and Graph-Based Relation.

Sensors (Basel, Switzerland)·2026
Same journal

Development of an Instrumented Glove for Palmar Pressure Assessment in Kayakers.

Sensors (Basel, Switzerland)·2026
Same journal

Development and Experimental Validation of an Autonomous IoT-Based Monitoring System for Real-Time Water Quality Assessment in the Amazon River.

Sensors (Basel, Switzerland)·2026
Same journal

Semi-Supervised Adversarial Learning Framework for Controller Area Network Bus Intrusion Detection.

Sensors (Basel, Switzerland)·2026
Same journal

Smart Optimization Method for Safety Signs in Innovative Manufacturing Environments Integrating Industrial Field IoT Sensors and Knowledge Graphs.

Sensors (Basel, Switzerland)·2026
See all related articles

Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jan 31, 2026

Construction of a Wireless-Enabled Endoscopically Implantable Sensor for pH Monitoring with Zero-Bias Schottky Diode-based Receiver
08:25

Construction of a Wireless-Enabled Endoscopically Implantable Sensor for pH Monitoring with Zero-Bias Schottky Diode-based Receiver

Published on: August 27, 2021

3.0K

Enhanced Message-Passing Based LEACH Protocol for Wireless Sensor Networks.

Jaeyoung Kang1, Illsoo Sohn2, Sang Hyun Lee3

  • 1School of Electrical Engineering, Korea University, Seoul 02841, Korea. retbird13@korea.ac.kr.

Sensors (Basel, Switzerland)
|December 27, 2018
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

This study introduces LEACH-XMP, a distributed protocol enhancing wireless sensor network (WSN) energy efficiency. It optimizes cluster formation using a message-passing approach, extending network lifetime and reducing node computational load.

Keywords:
LEACHmessage passingnonlinear power consumption

More Related Videos

Automated Deployment of an Internet Protocol Telephony Service on Unmanned Aerial Vehicles Using Network Functions Virtualization
07:49

Automated Deployment of an Internet Protocol Telephony Service on Unmanned Aerial Vehicles Using Network Functions Virtualization

Published on: November 26, 2019

8.5K
A Detailed Protocol for Perspiration Monitoring Using a Novel, Small, Wireless Device
05:32

A Detailed Protocol for Perspiration Monitoring Using a Novel, Small, Wireless Device

Published on: November 24, 2016

8.2K

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Jan 31, 2026

Construction of a Wireless-Enabled Endoscopically Implantable Sensor for pH Monitoring with Zero-Bias Schottky Diode-based Receiver
08:25

Construction of a Wireless-Enabled Endoscopically Implantable Sensor for pH Monitoring with Zero-Bias Schottky Diode-based Receiver

Published on: August 27, 2021

3.0K
Automated Deployment of an Internet Protocol Telephony Service on Unmanned Aerial Vehicles Using Network Functions Virtualization
07:49

Automated Deployment of an Internet Protocol Telephony Service on Unmanned Aerial Vehicles Using Network Functions Virtualization

Published on: November 26, 2019

8.5K
A Detailed Protocol for Perspiration Monitoring Using a Novel, Small, Wireless Device
05:32

A Detailed Protocol for Perspiration Monitoring Using a Novel, Small, Wireless Device

Published on: November 24, 2016

8.2K

Area of Science:

  • Computer Science
  • Electrical Engineering
  • Wireless Communication

Background:

  • Wireless Sensor Networks (WSNs) require energy-efficient protocols for prolonged operation.
  • Existing clustering protocols like LEACH face challenges with realistic, non-linear energy consumption models.
  • Efficient cluster formation is critical for WSN performance and longevity.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To propose a distributed energy-efficient clustering protocol for WSNs.
  • To enhance the cluster formation algorithm within the LEACH framework.
  • To address the complexities of non-linear energy consumption models in WSNs.

Main Methods:

  • Developed LEACH-eXtended Message-Passing (LEACH-XMP), a novel distributed protocol.
  • Incorporated a realistic non-linear energy consumption model.
  • Utilized a state-of-the-art message-passing approach for distributed optimization.

Main Results:

  • The LEACH-XMP protocol demonstrates significant improvements in energy efficiency.
  • The distributed algorithm converges rapidly to accurate solutions within few iterations.
  • Simulation results confirm maximized network lifetime compared to existing techniques.

Conclusions:

  • LEACH-XMP offers a practical and efficient solution for WSN energy management.
  • The message-passing approach effectively handles complex, non-linear energy models.
  • The protocol's distributed nature reduces computational load, enhancing deployability.