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Visual Search Without Selective Attention: A Cognitive Architecture Account.

David E Kieras1

  • 1Electrical Engineering & Computer Science Department, University of Michigan.

Topics in Cognitive Science
|December 27, 2018
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Summary

A new cognitive model explains visual search reaction times using basic visual mechanisms and eye movements, not selective attention. This approach also accounts for error rates by incorporating visual crowding effects.

Keywords:
Cognitive architectureCognitive modelingEye movementsVisual search

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Area of Science:

  • Cognitive Psychology
  • Computational Neuroscience
  • Visual Perception

Background:

  • Visual search experiments commonly show a linear relationship between reaction time (RT) and set size.
  • The dominant theory attributes this to covert selective attention sequentially binding features, with varying effects based on task and features.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To present a cognitive architectural model that explains visual search effects without invoking selective attention.
  • To investigate the role of basic visual mechanisms, eye movements, and task strategies in visual search.
  • To incorporate visual crowding effects into the model and assess their impact on reaction time and error rates.

Main Methods:

  • Development of a cognitive architectural model simulating visual search.
  • Testing the model across three different search task conditions.
  • Inclusion of a mechanism for visual crowding, often confounded with set size.

Main Results:

  • The model successfully replicates the linear RT-set size relationship observed in experiments using basic visual mechanisms and task strategies.
  • The model demonstrates that selective attention is not necessary to explain these RT effects.
  • Incorporating visual crowding improved the model's ability to account for significant effects on error rates (ER).

Conclusions:

  • A comprehensive model of visual search can be achieved by integrating basic visual mechanisms, eye movements, task strategies, and visual crowding.
  • This approach offers a more fruitful alternative to the dominant theory of selective attention in visual search.