Candida auris otomycosis in Iran and review of recent literature

Area of Science:

• Medical Mycology
• Infectious Diseases
• Public Health

Background:

• Candida auris is a multidrug-resistant yeast with increasing global prevalence.
• Identification challenges in resource-limited settings likely lead to underestimation of C. auris infections.
• Otitis, or ear infection, is a less common but significant clinical presentation of C. auris.

Observation:

• The first case of Candida auris otitis in Iran is reported, marking the fifth country in the Persian Gulf region affected.
• The Iranian isolate belongs to the East-Asian clade, suggesting a potential link to otomycosis presentation.
• Mycological and clinical data were compared with previously reported cases of C. auris otitis.

Findings:

• Candida auris otitis represents a distinct clinical manifestation, particularly associated with the East-Asian clade.
• Misdiagnosis of Candida species in routine Iranian laboratories may contribute to the underreporting of C. auris.
• The geographic spread of C. auris in the Persian Gulf region is expanding.

Implications:

• Increased awareness and improved diagnostic capabilities are crucial for timely detection and management of C. auris infections.
• This case underscores the need for enhanced surveillance of emerging fungal pathogens in Iran and surrounding areas.
• Understanding the clinical spectrum of C. auris, including otomycosis, is vital for effective public health strategies.