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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jan 31, 2026

Developing a Rat Model for Bipolar Disorder
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Revisiting inflammation in bipolar disorder.

Gabriel R Fries1, Consuelo Walss-Bass1, Moises E Bauer2

  • 1Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, 77054 East Rd., Houston, TX, United States of America.

Pharmacology, Biochemistry, and Behavior
|December 27, 2018
PubMed
Summary

Bipolar disorder (BD) involves immune system changes, with new research exploring mechanisms like the gut-brain axis and genetic factors. This suggests BD is a multi-system condition, not just a brain disorder.

Keywords:
Bipolar disorderComorbidityCytokinesImmune systemInflammationMicrobiota

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Area of Science:

  • Neuroimmunology
  • Psychiatry
  • Genetics

Background:

  • Bipolar disorder (BD) is linked to immune system alterations.
  • The precise mechanisms driving these immune changes in BD remain unclear.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review current understanding of inflammatory changes in bipolar disorder.
  • To discuss potential underlying mechanisms, including novel hypotheses.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review of peripheral and central nervous system inflammation in BD.
  • Focus on emerging mechanisms: gut-brain axis, DAMPs, genetic/epigenetic factors.

Main Results:

  • Inflammatory alterations are observed in both the periphery and CNS in BD.
  • Emerging evidence points to the gut-brain axis, DAMPs, and genetic/epigenetic factors as key mechanisms.

Conclusions:

  • Bipolar disorder immunology is a rapidly developing field.
  • BD should be viewed as a multi-system condition with significant immune involvement.