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Updated: Jan 31, 2026

Robotic Taj Mahal Hepatectomy for Hilar Cholangiocarcinoma
Published on: July 14, 2022
Cholangiocarcinoma: a guide for the nonspecialist
Munirah Alsaleh1, Zoe Leftley1, Thomas A Barbera1
1Division of Surgery and Cancer, Imperial College London, London W2 INY, UK, s.taylor-robinson@imperial.ac.uk.
Abstract:
Cholangiocarcinoma (CCA) is a tumor with increasing prevalence around the world. The prevalence of CCA is highest in East Asia and most significantly in the countries through which the Mekong River flows, owing to the presence of liver flukes, which are consumed in raw fish dishes. Outside Asia, the causes of bile duct cancers for the most part are unknown. In this review, we assess the current state of knowledge in both fluke-associated and sporadic CCA, from etiological, diagnostic, and treatment perspectives.
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