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From Structure to Function: pH-Switchable Antimicrobial Nano-Self-Assemblies.

Mark Gontsarik1, Anan Yaghmur2, Qun Ren1

  • 1Laboratory for Biointerfaces , Empa Swiss Federal Laboratories for Materials Science and Technology , Lerchenfeldstrasse 5 , 9014 St. Gallen , Switzerland.

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|December 28, 2018
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Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

This study presents a pH-responsive nanomaterial using oleic acid and LL-37 peptide. It shows tunable antimicrobial activity, switching "on" at low pH and "off" at neutral pH for targeted delivery.

Keywords:
E. coliamphiphilic lipidsantimicrobial nanomaterialsantimicrobial peptide deliverymicellespH-triggered nanocarriersself-assembly

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Area of Science:

  • Nanotechnology
  • Biomaterials Science
  • Antimicrobial Research

Background:

  • Stimuli-responsive nanocarriers offer targeted delivery of antimicrobial peptides, reducing side effects and degradation.
  • Lipid self-assemblies provide a versatile platform for creating such nanocarriers.
  • Antimicrobial peptides (AMPs) are crucial in combating infections but require effective delivery systems.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To design and characterize a simple pH-responsive antimicrobial nanomaterial.
  • To investigate the self-assembly of oleic acid (OA) with human cathelicidin LL-37.
  • To evaluate the pH-dependent antimicrobial activity of the developed nanocarrier.

Main Methods:

  • Synchrotron small-angle X-ray scattering (SAXS) for colloidal structure analysis.
  • Cryogenic transmission electron microscopy (cryo-TEM) for visualizing nanostructures.
  • Dynamic light scattering (DLS) for particle size and aggregation studies.
  • In vitro antimicrobial assays against Escherichia coli.

Main Results:

  • Oleic acid and LL-37 self-assembled into pH-responsive nanostructures.
  • At pH 7.0, cylindrical micelles (negatively charged) showed negligible antimicrobial activity.
  • At pH 5.0, branched threadlike micelles (positively charged) exhibited high antimicrobial activity against E. coli.
  • The antimicrobial activity was dependent on the nanocarrier's charge and structure, not solely pH.

Conclusions:

  • A simple pH-responsive nanocarrier system based on oleic acid and LL-37 was successfully developed.
  • The nanocarrier demonstrates tunable antimicrobial activity, switching 'on' at acidic pH and 'off' at neutral pH.
  • This system offers a promising strategy for targeted delivery of antimicrobial peptides to specific pH environments in the body.