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Related Concept Videos

Control Systems: Applications01:25

Control Systems: Applications

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Electrical engineering plays a pivotal role in our daily lives, with control systems at the heart of many applications, from home appliances to sophisticated space shuttles. Control systems manage and regulate the behavior of devices and processes, ensuring they function safely, correctly, and efficiently.
In modern vehicles, control systems manage various functions to enhance performance and safety. The steering wheel and accelerator are primary inputs in a car's control system. The...
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Control systems are everywhere in contemporary society, influencing diverse applications from aerospace to automated manufacturing. These systems can be found naturally within biological processes, such as blood sugar regulation and heart rate adjustment in response to stress, as well as in man-made systems like elevators and automated vehicles. A control system is essentially a network of subsystems and processes that collaboratively convert specific inputs into desired outputs.
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Feedback control systems are categorized in various ways based on their design, analysis, and signal types.
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Open and closed-loop control systems01:17

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Control systems are foundational elements in automation and engineering. They are broadly categorized into open-loop and closed-loop systems. These classifications hinge on the presence or absence of feedback mechanisms, significantly influencing the system's performance, complexity, and application.
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Transfer Function in Control Systems01:21

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The transfer function is a fundamental concept in the analysis and design of linear time-invariant (LTI) systems. It offers a concise way to understand how a system responds to different inputs in the frequency domain. It serves as a bridge between the time-domain differential equations that describe system dynamics and the frequency-domain representation that facilitates easier manipulation and analysis.
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The behavior of elastoplastic materials under bending stresses, particularly in structural members with rectangular cross-sections, is crucial for predicting material responses and understanding failure modes. Initially, when a bending moment is applied, the stress distribution across the section follows Hooke's Law and is linear and elastic. This distribution means the stress increases from the neutral axis to the maximum at the outer fibers, up to the elastic limit.
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Systems for stimuli-controlled release: Materials and applications.

Marion Bruneau1, Simona Bennici2, Jocelyne Brendle2

  • 1Université de Haute-alsace, CNRS, IS2M UMR 7361, F-68100 Mulhouse, France; Université de Strasbourg, France; Agro Innovation International, 35400 Saint Malo, France.

Journal of Controlled Release : Official Journal of the Controlled Release Society
|December 28, 2018
PubMed
Summary

Stimuli-responsive delivery systems utilize triggers like pH and light to release molecules. This review covers materials, applications, and mechanisms for controlled release across various industries.

Keywords:
Active moleculesControlled-releaseEncapsulationStimuli

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Area of Science:

  • Materials Science
  • Chemical Engineering
  • Biotechnology

Background:

  • Controlled release systems are crucial for targeted delivery of active molecules.
  • Stimuli-responsive systems offer precise control over release kinetics.
  • Diverse stimuli, including pH, light, temperature, and magnetic fields, are employed.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To provide a comprehensive overview of stimuli-controlled release systems.
  • To explore the materials, applications, and underlying mechanisms.
  • To highlight recent advancements in biological, enzymatic, and mechanical stimuli.

Main Methods:

  • Review of existing literature on stimuli-controlled release.
  • Analysis of different stimuli (pH, photo, thermal, magnetic, biological, mechanical).
  • Examination of various carrier materials (polymers, silica, oxides, MOF).

Main Results:

  • pH and photo-controlled release are dominant, with extensive applications.
  • Carrier material properties and active molecule solubility are key for pH-controlled release.
  • Photosensitive functionalities enable light-controlled release, with red light suitable for medical use.

Conclusions:

  • Stimuli-controlled release systems have broad applications in pharmaceuticals, agriculture, cosmetics, and more.
  • Material selection is critical, depending on the active molecule and release medium.
  • Emerging stimuli offer new possibilities for targeted drug and hormone delivery.