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Related Concept Videos

Ion Channels01:19

Ion Channels

91.4K
The movement of ions like sodium, potassium, and calcium into and out of the cell is essential to maintain the electrochemical gradient in living cells. The ion channels—a class of membrane transport proteins—help maintain this ionic gradient for the smooth functioning of physiological activities such as maintaining cell size and volume, conducting nerve impulses, and gas and nutrient exchange.
Ion channels are specialized integral membrane proteins on the plasma membrane that allow...
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Non-gated Ion Channels01:24

Non-gated Ion Channels

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Ion channels are specialized proteins on the plasma membrane that allow charged ions to pass down their electrochemical gradient. Their main function is to maintain the membrane potential which is critical for cell viability. These channels are either gated or non-gated and can transport more than a thousand ions within milliseconds for the cellular event to occur.
Compared to the gated ion channels, the non-gated channels, also known as leakage or passive channels, have no gating mechanism....
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Design Example: Design of an Irrigation Channel01:27

Design Example: Design of an Irrigation Channel

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Trapezoidal channels are widely used in irrigation systems due to their cost-effectiveness and efficiency in conveying water. Trapezoidal channels feature a flat bottom and sloping sides, making them stable and easier to construct compared to other shapes. The bottom width and side slope ratio are determined based on the required flow capacity and site conditions. The side slope is kept gentle for unlined channels to prevent soil erosion.Hydraulic parameters in channel design include the flow...
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Ions, Molecules, and Compounds01:23

Ions, Molecules, and Compounds

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Ions - When an atom participates in a chemical reaction that results in the donation or acceptance of one or more electrons, the atom becomes positively or negatively charged. This frequently happens for most atoms to have a full valence shell. This can happen either by gaining electrons to fill a shell that is more than half-full or by giving away electrons to empty a shell that is less than half-full, thereby leaving the next smaller electron shell as the new, full valence shell. An atom with...
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Mechanically-gated Ion Channels01:12

Mechanically-gated Ion Channels

7.7K
Mechanically-gated ion channels are proteins found in eukaryotic and prokaryotic cell membranes that open in response to mechanical stress. Tension, compression, swelling, and shear stress can alter the conformation of the protein, opening a transmembrane channel that allows the passage of ions for signal transmission. In eukaryotes, mechanically-gated channels are distributed in several regions like the neurons, lungs, skin, bladder, and heart, where they play critical roles in numerous...
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G-Protein Gated Ion Channels01:21

G-Protein Gated Ion Channels

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GPCRs are primarily responsible for our sense of smell, taste, and vision.  The binding of a sensory stimulus activates GPCR to stimulate effector proteins, many of which are ion channels in the sensory organs. GPCRs modulate the opening and closing of the target ion channels either directly by binding them, or by releasing second messengers that activate these channels. As ions move across the membrane, the membrane potential is altered, which induces an appropriate response.
Sensory...
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Related Experiment Video

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High-throughput Screening for Small-molecule Modulators of Inward Rectifier Potassium Channels
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EDEn-Electroceutical Design Environment: Ion Channel Tissue Expression Database with Small Molecule Modulators.

Cassandra D M Churchill1, Philip Winter2, Jack A Tuszynski3

  • 1Department of Physics, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB T6G 2E1, Canada.

Iscience
|December 28, 2018
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Summary

Bioelectricity research identifies ion channel roles in regenerative medicine. The Electroceutical design Environment (EDEn) platform aids in designing therapies by linking ion channels to modulators and tissue expression data.

Keywords:
BioinformaticsBiological Database

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Area of Science:

  • Bioelectricity
  • Ion channel biology
  • Regenerative medicine

Background:

  • Ion channels have critical roles beyond the nervous system, particularly in regenerative medicine.
  • Understanding ion channel targets in specific tissues is essential for developing new biomedical interventions.
  • Existing knowledge gaps hinder the design of targeted bioelectric therapies for conditions like cancer and birth defects.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To introduce the Electroceutical design Environment (EDEn), a novel bioinformatic platform.
  • To provide a comprehensive database of ion channels, ion pumps, and their chemical modulators.
  • To facilitate the design of therapeutic strategies by linking bioelectric targets with chemical interventions.

Main Methods:

  • Development of a bioinformatic platform (EDEn) integrating diverse biological data.
  • Compilation of information on ion channels and pumps, including chemical modulators and their properties.
  • Inclusion of ion channel expression levels across over 100 human tissue types.

Main Results:

  • EDEn provides a centralized resource for bioelectric research.
  • The platform links ion channels to specific chemical modulators and their effects.
  • Expression data enables identification of tissue-specific ion channel targets.

Conclusions:

  • EDEn is the first bioinformatic platform designed for electroceutical strategy development.
  • The platform empowers researchers to identify chemical entities for manipulating cellular bioelectric states.
  • This facilitates the advancement of regenerative medicine and other bioelectric-based therapies.