Jove
Visualize
Contact Us
JoVE
x logofacebook logolinkedin logoyoutube logo
ABOUT JoVE
OverviewLeadershipBlogJoVE Help Center
AUTHORS
Publishing ProcessEditorial BoardScope & PoliciesPeer ReviewFAQSubmit
LIBRARIANS
TestimonialsSubscriptionsAccessResourcesLibrary Advisory BoardFAQ
RESEARCH
JoVE JournalMethods CollectionsJoVE Encyclopedia of ExperimentsArchive
EDUCATION
JoVE CoreJoVE BusinessJoVE Science EducationJoVE Lab ManualFaculty Resource CenterFaculty Site
Terms & Conditions of Use
Privacy Policy
Policies

Related Concept Videos

Functional Brain Systems: Limbic System01:15

Functional Brain Systems: Limbic System

7.3K
The limbic system, often called the "emotional brain," is a complex set of structures located deep within the brain. The intricate network of the limbic system supports a wide range of psychological functions, from emotional regulation to memory formation and sensory processing. This functional brain region encompasses specific parts of the diencephalon and the cerebrum, integrating the higher mental functions of the cerebral cortex with the primitive emotional responses of the deep brain...
7.3K
Higher Mental Functions of the Brain: Language01:10

Higher Mental Functions of the Brain: Language

3.8K
Language is a system of communication that allows the expression of thoughts, ideas, and feelings. The brain processes language in both hemispheres.
Language formation and comprehension take place in the dominant hemisphere. The dominant hemisphere is responsible for understanding the meaning of spoken, written, or sign language, as well as the ability to communicate. For most people, the left hemisphere is the dominant one. The right hemisphere, then, gives tone and emotional context to the...
3.8K
Traumatic Memory01:20

Traumatic Memory

582
Emotionally traumatic events often lead to memories that are exceptionally vivid and enduring, sometimes persisting with remarkable clarity throughout an individual's life. A classic example of this phenomenon is a person who survives a car accident. Even years later, they may recall every detail of the event with startling accuracy — the screeching of the tires, the jarring impact, and the acrid smell of burning rubber. Such vividness contrasts sharply with how an individual...
582
Higher Mental Functions of Brain: Learning and Memory01:26

Higher Mental Functions of Brain: Learning and Memory

2.1K
Memory is one of the most vital higher mental functions of the brain. Memory is closely related to learning because it enables us to retain information and experiences from our past to use them in our present life. It also helps us to remember facts, events, and skills, such as riding a bike or swimming. There are two types of memory — declarative memory, which involves memorizing facts or events, and procedural memory, which enables us to remember how to do something like writing or...
2.1K
Functional Brain Systems: Reticular Formation01:13

Functional Brain Systems: Reticular Formation

4.9K
The reticular formation is a complex network of gray and white matter located within the brainstem extending from the medulla to the midbrain.
Within the reticular formation, there are several distinct nuclei that can be classified into three broad categories. The Raphe nuclei are located along the midline of the brainstem. They are primarily known for their role in synthesizing and releasing serotonin, a neurotransmitter involved in regulating mood, appetite, sleep, and circadian rhythms. The...
4.9K
Pharmacokinetics in Pediatric Patients: Drug Excretion01:26

Pharmacokinetics in Pediatric Patients: Drug Excretion

261
In pediatric medicine, understanding the renal function and drug elimination nuances is crucial for administering safe and effective treatments. Newborns, in particular, display markedly slower renal functions than adults, profoundly affecting how drugs are cleared from their bodies. This slower drug clearance requires clinicians to extend the dosing intervals for many medications to prevent drug accumulation and toxicity while ensuring therapeutic efficacy.One key area where these adjustments...
261

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by
Same author

Subjective perceptions of negative symptoms among outpatients with schizophrenia and their relatives or caregivers: Definitions, importance, measurement, and desired improvement.

Schizophrenia research·2026
Same author

Ethnoracially incongruent environments predict state increases in negative symptoms of schizophrenia:Evidence from geocoding and digital phenotyping.

Journal of psychiatric research·2026
Same author

Discrepancies between ideal and actual affect predict negative symptoms in schizophrenia in daily life: An ecological momentary assessment study.

Psychiatry research·2026
Same author

Computational phenotypes underlying effort-based decision-making and negative symptoms in a transdiagnostic severe mental illness sample.

Molecular psychiatry·2026
Same author

Tailored strategies to increase the use of an evidence-based psychotherapy for posttraumatic stress disorder: A stepped-wedge randomized trial in military clinics.

Journal of anxiety disorders·2025
Same author

Cognitive intra-individual variability as an emerging measure of neuropsychological inference: A narrative review of its history, methodology, empirical support, future directions, and recommendations for best practices.

The Clinical neuropsychologist·2025

Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jan 31, 2026

Controlled Cortical Impact Model for Traumatic Brain Injury
05:30

Controlled Cortical Impact Model for Traumatic Brain Injury

Published on: August 5, 2014

29.7K

Executive Function Profiles in Pediatric Traumatic Brain Injury.

Erik N Ringdahl1, Megan L Becker1, Julia E Hussey1

  • 1a University of Nevada, Las Vegas , Las Vegas , Nevada , USA.

Developmental Neuropsychology
|December 29, 2018
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Traumatic brain injury (TBI) can cause varied executive function (EF) problems. The Comprehensive Trail Making Test (CTMT) may help classify TBI severity by identifying EF deficits in children and adolescents.

More Related Videos

Investigations on Alterations of Hippocampal Circuit Function Following Mild Traumatic Brain Injury
10:59

Investigations on Alterations of Hippocampal Circuit Function Following Mild Traumatic Brain Injury

Published on: November 19, 2012

15.9K
A Mouse Model of Single and Repetitive Mild Traumatic Brain Injury
04:19

A Mouse Model of Single and Repetitive Mild Traumatic Brain Injury

Published on: June 20, 2017

11.7K

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Jan 31, 2026

Controlled Cortical Impact Model for Traumatic Brain Injury
05:30

Controlled Cortical Impact Model for Traumatic Brain Injury

Published on: August 5, 2014

29.7K
Investigations on Alterations of Hippocampal Circuit Function Following Mild Traumatic Brain Injury
10:59

Investigations on Alterations of Hippocampal Circuit Function Following Mild Traumatic Brain Injury

Published on: November 19, 2012

15.9K
A Mouse Model of Single and Repetitive Mild Traumatic Brain Injury
04:19

A Mouse Model of Single and Repetitive Mild Traumatic Brain Injury

Published on: June 20, 2017

11.7K

Area of Science:

  • Neuroscience
  • Psychology
  • Pediatrics

Background:

  • Traumatic brain injury (TBI) leads to diverse neuropsychological deficits.
  • Executive function (EF) impairments are common following TBI, but their heterogeneity is not fully understood.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the heterogeneity of executive function (EF) impairments in children and adolescents with TBI.
  • To determine if performance on the Comprehensive Trail Making Test (CTMT) can help classify TBI severity.

Main Methods:

  • A cohort of 121 children and adolescents with TBI and 121 matched controls were evaluated.
  • The Comprehensive Trail Making Test (CTMT) was used to assess executive function (EF).
  • Cluster analysis was employed to identify patterns of EF performance in both groups.

Main Results:

  • The TBI group performed approximately two standard deviations below controls on the CTMT.
  • Cluster analysis revealed distinct EF profiles, with a three-cluster solution for the TBI group and a four-cluster solution for controls.
  • Greater EF impairment in the TBI group correlated with lower intellectual, achievement, and overall neuropsychological test scores.

Conclusions:

  • Executive function (EF) deficits in TBI are heterogeneous.
  • CTMT performance patterns can differentiate subgroups within the TBI population.
  • CTMT-based EF assessment may serve as a valuable tool for classifying TBI severity in pediatric populations.