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Cognitive impairment in substance use disorders.

Tatiana Ramey1, Paul S Regier2

  • 1Division of Therapeutics and Medical Consequences, National Institute on Drug Abuse, National Institutes of Health, Rockville, Maryland.

CNS Spectrums
|December 29, 2018
PubMed
Summary

Cognitive impairments are central to substance use disorders, affecting executive functions like attention and memory. Expanding research to include precognition and social cognition may reveal new therapeutic targets for addiction.

Keywords:
Attentiondecision-makingexecutive functioninhibitionmetacognitionprecognitionsocial cognitionsubstance use disorderstheory of mindworking memory

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Area of Science:

  • Neuroscience
  • Psychiatry
  • Cognitive Science

Background:

  • Cognitive impairments are a core feature of substance use disorders (SUDs).
  • Research in cognitive and computational neuroscience has advanced understanding of these deficits over the past 20 years.
  • Altered executive functions, including attention, inhibition, working memory, and decision-making, are well-documented in SUDs.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To summarize current findings on cognitive domains in substance use disorders.
  • To propose an expanded view of cognition including precognition and social cognition.
  • To identify potential therapeutic targets for cognitive dysfunction in SUDs.

Main Methods:

  • Review of current research on cognitive impairments in substance use disorders.
  • Conceptual expansion of cognitive domains relevant to SUDs.
  • Synthesis of findings to suggest future research directions and therapeutic strategies.

Main Results:

  • Substance use disorders are characterized by significant alterations in executive functions.
  • Poor cognitive regulation of motivational processes is a fundamental impairment in addiction.
  • Precognition and social cognition represent understudied but important cognitive domains in SUDs.

Conclusions:

  • Advances in understanding cognitive dysfunction in SUDs could benefit multiple psychiatric disorders.
  • Expanding the definition of cognitive domains to include precognition and social cognition is valuable.
  • Targeting both established and expanded cognitive domains offers promising avenues for intervention in SUDs.