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Related Concept Videos

Cross-reactivity00:42

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Unlike mitosis, meiosis aims for genetic diversity in its creation of haploid gametes. Dividing germ cells first begin this process in prophase I, where each chromosome—replicated in S phase—is now composed of two sister chromatids (identical copies) joined centrally.
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Crossing over is the exchange of genetic information between homologous chromosomes during prophase I of meiosis I. Genetic recombination gives rise to allelic diversity in the newly formed daughter cells. In humans, crossing over produces genetically distinct haploid egg and sperm cells that undergo fertilization to produce unique offspring. Before cell division starts, the germ cell’s chromosome(s) undergo duplication in the S phase of the cell cycle. As the cells enter prophase I,...
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In cross-sectional research, a researcher compares multiple segments of the population at the same time. If they were interested in people's dietary habits, the researcher might directly compare different groups of people by age. Instead of following a group of people for 20 years to see how their dietary habits changed from decade to decade, the researcher would study a group of 20-year-old individuals and compare them to a group of 30-year-old individuals and a group of 40-year-old...
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Would immunization be the same without cross-reactivity?

Ivo Vojtek1, Philippe Buchy2, T Mark Doherty1

  • 1GSK, Avenue Fleming 20, 1300 Wavre, Belgium.

Vaccine
|December 29, 2018
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Vaccine cross-reactivity and cross-protection are vital for disease prevention, offering broader protection beyond targeted pathogens. Understanding these immune responses enhances vaccine design and evaluates their full public health impact.

Keywords:
AdjuvantsCross-protectionCross-reactivityVaccines

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Area of Science:

  • Immunology
  • Vaccinology
  • Public Health

Background:

  • Cross-reactivity and cross-protection are key vaccinology concepts gaining importance in disease prevention.
  • Evidence supports the role of cross-reactivity in providing clinical protection against related non-vaccine microorganisms.
  • This has led to a renewed interest in their application for broader public health benefits.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To highlight the growing evidence and significance of cross-reactivity in vaccination.
  • To discuss how this knowledge influences the design and evaluation of new vaccines.
  • To emphasize the importance of considering broader vaccine impacts beyond vaccine-type disease.

Main Methods:

  • Review of existing evidence on cross-reactivity and cross-protection from clinical and post-licensure data.
  • Analysis of vaccine design strategies incorporating conserved epitopes for broader protection.
  • Consideration of novel adjuvants and delivery platforms to enhance immune responses.

Main Results:

  • Vaccines demonstrating cross-protection have shown benefits against related non-vaccine pathogens.
  • New vaccine designs increasingly aim for a broader spectrum of protection.
  • Conserved epitopes, novel adjuvants, and delivery platforms can enhance vaccine cross-reactivity.

Conclusions:

  • Cross-reactivity and cross-protection are crucial for maximizing vaccine impact.
  • Understanding these phenomena is essential for developing more effective vaccines.
  • The full value of vaccination programs should account for protection beyond vaccine-type diseases.