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Schemas

A schema is a mental construct consisting of a cluster or collection of related concepts (Bartlett, 1932). There are many different types of schemata, and they all have one thing in common: schemata are a method of organizing information that allows the brain to work more efficiently. When a schema is activated, the brain makes immediate assumptions about the person or object being observed.

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Updated: Jan 31, 2026

The Participant-Reported Implementation Update and Score PRIUS: A Novel Method for Capturing Implementation-Related Data Over Time

The Participant-Reported Implementation Update and Score PRIUS: A Novel Method for Capturing Implementation-Related Data Over Time

Published on: February 19, 2021

[Update on leptospirosis].

P Le Turnier¹, L Epelboin²

¹Inserm, service des maladies infectieuses et tropicales, centre hospitalier universitaire de Nantes et CIC 1413, 44000 Nantes, France.

La Revue De Medecine Interne

|December 29, 2018

Summary

This summary is machine-generated.

Leptospirosis, a growing zoonotic disease, presents with non-specific flu-like symptoms, often mimicking dengue. Early diagnosis and antibiotic treatment are crucial to prevent severe forms like Weil's disease.

Keywords:

Leptospirose Leptospirosis Spirochetes Spirochètes Zoonose Zoonosis

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Area of Science:

Infectious Diseases
Zoonoses
Bacteriology

Background:

Leptospirosis is a global spirochetal zoonosis with increasing, likely underestimated, incidence.
Traditionally linked to occupational animal contact, it now commonly arises from recreational freshwater activities and rodent urine contamination.
Consider leptospirosis in differential diagnoses for travelers returning from tropical regions, especially during rainy seasons.

Purpose of the Study:

To highlight the increasing global incidence and varied transmission routes of leptospirosis.
To emphasize the diagnostic challenges posed by non-specific initial symptoms.
To underscore the importance of early recognition and prompt antibiotic therapy to prevent severe disease progression.

Main Methods:

Review of clinical and biological arguments for diagnosing leptospirosis.
Discussion of treatment strategies for both severe and non-severe forms.
Mention of ongoing research into rapid diagnostic tools for remote areas.

Main Results:

Initial symptoms are often non-specific, resembling flu or dengue, complicating diagnosis.
Key diagnostic indicators include muscle pain, cough, conjunctival involvement, jaundice, thrombocytopenia, cholestasis, rhabdomyolysis, and elevated CRP.
Prompt antibiotic treatment, particularly with injectable beta-lactams for severe cases, is vital.

Conclusions:

Leptospirosis requires careful clinical and biological evaluation, especially in travelers.
Timely antibiotic intervention is critical to avert severe icterohaemorrhagic (Weil's disease) or respiratory complications.
Development of rapid diagnostic tools is essential for improving early treatment access in endemic areas.