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Related Concept Videos

Vitamins01:30

Vitamins

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Vitamins, derived from the Latin word for life, are essential organic substances required in small quantities for optimal growth and overall well-being. Unlike other organic nutrients, vitamins don't act as sources of energy or building materials but rather facilitate these nutrients' utilization by the body. Vitamins are predominantly coenzymes, assisting enzymes in specific chemical actions, like the oxidation of glucose for energy involving B vitamins. Most vitamins are not produced...
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Role of Skin in Vitamin D Synthesis01:23

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The skin plays a crucial role in the synthesis of vitamin D, a vital nutrient for various physiological processes in the body. Vitamin D is unique because it can be synthesized in the skin through a series of chemical reactions triggered by exposure to ultraviolet B (UVB) radiation from sunlight.
The solar UV B rays (290-315 nm) are absorbed by the skin, and 7-dehydrocholesterol (provitamin D3) photolyzes it to previtamin D3, which undergoes a rapid transformation to vitamin...
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Mineral, Vitamin and Water Absorption01:27

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Electrolytes are essential minerals and ions primarily obtained from the diet and absorbed through the gastrointestinal tract. Most electrolytes are absorbed in the small intestine. While the absorption of iron and calcium primarily occurs in the duodenum, calcium is also absorbed in the jejunum and ileum. In these regions, passive diffusion contributes to its absorption alongside active transport mechanisms in the duodenum. These ions can exit the enterocytes through specialized active...
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Role of Vitamins in Maintaining Bone Health01:25

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The growth and maintenance of bone are regulated by a combination of nutritional factors, including vitamins, such as vitamin A, B12, C, D, and K.
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Vitamin A is involved in the process of bone remodeling. Retinoic acid, the active metabolite of Vitamin A, has nuclear receptors in osteoblasts and osteoclasts, which are involved in bone remodeling.
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Anticoagulant Drugs: Vitamin K Antagonists and Direct Oral Anticoagulants01:18

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Oral anticoagulants are vital tools in preventing and treating blood clotting disorders. This diverse class of medications can be categorized as vitamin K antagonists, exemplified by warfarin, and direct thrombin inhibitors (DTIs), such as dabigatran, as well as factor Xa inhibitors, including rivaroxaban.
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jan 31, 2026

PLGA Nanoparticles Formed by Single- or Double-emulsion with Vitamin E-TPGS
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Vitamin D deficiency in immigrants.

Paul Lips1, Renate T de Jongh1

  • 1Department of Internal Medicine, Endocrine Section, VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.

Bone Reports
|December 29, 2018
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Vitamin D deficiency is prevalent in non-western immigrants due to reduced sun exposure, darker skin, and cultural clothing. Treatment involves vitamin D3 and calcium supplementation, with prevention through fortified foods.

Keywords:
ImmigrantsOsteomalaciaPreventionRicketsVitamin D deficiency

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Area of Science:

  • Nutritional Science
  • Public Health
  • Endocrinology

Background:

  • Vitamin D deficiency and rickets are disproportionately common among non-western immigrants and refugees.
  • Factors contributing to deficiency include limited sun exposure, higher skin pigmentation, culturally-driven clothing choices, low dietary vitamin D intake, and insufficient calcium consumption.
  • Severe deficiency (serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D <25 nmol/l) can affect up to 50% of this population.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To highlight the increased prevalence and risk factors for vitamin D deficiency in non-western immigrant populations.
  • To describe the clinical manifestations and diagnostic methods for rickets and osteomalacia in affected individuals.
  • To outline treatment and prevention strategies for vitamin D deficiency in this demographic.

Main Methods:

  • Review of clinical presentations, laboratory findings, and radiographic evidence associated with vitamin D deficiency.
  • Analysis of contributing factors such as lifestyle, diet, and genetics.
  • Summary of established treatment protocols and preventive nutritional measures.

Main Results:

  • Clinical symptoms range from fatigue and bone pain to severe hypocalcemia, muscle weakness, and skeletal deformities in children and adults.
  • Laboratory results often indicate hypocalcemia, hypophosphatemia, and elevated alkaline phosphatase.
  • Radiographic findings can include widened growth plates, pseudofractures, and Looser zones, confirming rickets or osteomalacia.

Conclusions:

  • Non-western immigrants face a high risk of vitamin D deficiency, rickets, and osteomalacia due to a confluence of factors.
  • Prompt diagnosis through clinical, laboratory, and radiographic assessment is crucial.
  • Effective management involves vitamin D3 and calcium supplementation, alongside public health initiatives like food fortification for prevention.