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Related Concept Videos

Aging01:26

Aging

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Aging is a complex biological phenomenon influenced by various processes that affect cellular and systemic functions. Several prominent theories attempt to explain its mechanisms, highlighting cellular limitations, oxidative damage, and hormonal changes as central factors in aging.
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The cellular clock theory posits that the human lifespan is closely tied to the finite capacity of cells to divide, a phenomenon governed by telomeres, which are protective caps at the ends of...
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Several body functions deteriorate with age. The external signs of aging are easily identifiable. For example, the skin becomes dry, less elastic, and thins out, forming wrinkles. The skin of the face begins to appear looser due to a decrease in the levels of elastic and collagen fibers in the connective tissue. Additionally, melanin production in the hair follicle decreases with age, resulting in gray hair. Moreover, the senses of sight and hearing decline, so glasses and hearing aids may...
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The upper and lower limb initially develops as a small bulge called a limb bud, which appears on the lateral side of the early embryo. The upper limb bud appears near the end of the fourth week of development, with the lower limb bud appearing shortly after.
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Age-related pharmacokinetic changes are extensively documented, but understanding age-related pharmacodynamic alterations is relatively limited. This knowledge gap can be partly attributed to the complexity of developing appropriate measures of drug responses compared to bioanalytical methods for determining drug concentrations.Most information regarding age-related differences in human pharmacodynamics originates from cross-sectional studies. However, these studies assume that observed mean...
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As individuals age, their body's physiology evolves, affecting drug pharmacokinetics. The most apparent changes occur in the gastrointestinal tract, where an increase in gastric pH, a delay in gastric emptying, and a reduction in gastrointestinal motility are observed. Remarkably, these changes do not substantially modify the absorption of orally administered drugs, particularly those absorbed via passive diffusion.Transdermal drug delivery emerges as a highly viable method for older adults due...
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Drug distribution in the human body is influenced by several factors, including plasma protein concentration, body composition, blood flow, tissue-protein concentration, and tissue fluid pH. Among these, changes in plasma protein concentration and body composition due to aging significantly affect how drugs are distributed within the body. Specifically, aging is associated with a decrease in albumin levels by about 10% and an increase in α1-acid glycoprotein levels. These alterations are...
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Methods to Study Changes in Inherent Protein Aggregation with Age in Caenorhabditis elegans
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Haemophilia and ageing.

Susan Shapiro1, Mike Makris2,3

  • 1Oxford Haemophilia and Thrombosis Centre, NIHR Oxford Biomedical Research Centre, Oxford University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Oxford, UK.

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|December 29, 2018
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Effective treatments have increased life expectancy for people with haemophilia (PWH). Managing aging PWH involves addressing cardiovascular disease, malignancy, HIV/hepatitis C, and arthropathy comorbidities.

Keywords:
ageingcardiovascularcomorbidityhaemophiliamusculoskeletal

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Area of Science:

  • Hematology
  • Geriatrics
  • Public Health

Background:

  • Significant advances in haemophilia treatment have increased PWH life expectancy.
  • Aging PWH present complex management challenges due to comorbidities.
  • These comorbidities include cardiovascular disease, malignancy, HIV/hepatitis C, and chronic haemophilic arthropathy.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the prevalence, mechanisms, and treatment strategies for comorbidities in aging PWH.
  • To highlight the challenges in managing this growing population.
  • To emphasize the need for international collaboration and further research.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review focusing on prevalence, mechanisms, and treatment of comorbidities in aging PWH.
  • Synthesis of current evidence on managing age-related diseases and co-infections in this cohort.
  • Analysis of challenges posed by the intersection of haemophilia and aging.

Main Results:

  • Aging PWH face increased risks from cardiovascular disease and malignancy.
  • Common comorbidities include HIV/hepatitis C and chronic haemophilic arthropathy.
  • Management requires balancing haemophilia treatment with age-related conditions.

Conclusions:

  • Optimal evidence-based management for aging PWH requires international collaboration.
  • Further prospective trials and registry data are essential for future care.
  • Addressing the complex comorbidity profile is crucial for improving quality of life for PWH.