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Updated: Jan 31, 2026

Amide Coupling Reaction for the Synthesis of Bispyridine-based Ligands and Their Complexation to Platinum as Dinuclear Anticancer Agents
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A Metal-Free Three-Component Reaction of trans-β-Nitrostyrene Derivatives, Dibromo Amides, and Amines Leading to

Meng Zhou1, Jinlei Li1, Chao Tian1

  • 1Key Laboratory of Functional Inorganic Material Chemistry (MOE), School of Chemistry and Materials Science , Heilongjiang University , No. 74, Xuefu Road , Nangang District, Harbin 150080 , People's Republic of China.

The Journal of Organic Chemistry
|December 29, 2018
PubMed

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Various carboxylic acid derivatives (such as acid chlorides, esters, and anhydrides) can be used for the acylation of amines to yield amides. The reaction requires two equivalents of amines. The first amine molecule functions as a nucleophile and attacks the carbonyl carbon to produce a tetrahedral intermediate. This is followed by the loss of the leaving group and restoration of the C=O bond.
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Nitriles can be reduced to primary amines using reducing agents like lithium aluminum hydride or catalytic hydrogenation. The reduction introduces an amino group with an extra carbon in the skeleton. Nitriles are formed from the reaction between alkyl halides and sodium cyanide through the SN2 mechanism. Primary alkyl halides are the preferred substrates to prepare nitriles.
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The IUPAC and common names of amides are derived from the parent carboxylic acid, by replacing the suffix “oic acid” and “ic acid,” respectively, with “amide.” In the following example, the IUPAC name ethanamide is derived from ethanoic acid, and the common name, acetamide, is obtained from acetic acid.
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A derivative quantifies how a function changes in response to variations in its input. It provides a localized rate of change, representing the slope of the tangent line to the function at any given point. When this process is applied systematically across the entire domain of the function, it yields a new function—the derivative function—which encodes the rate of change at every point. This concept is central to calculus and essential for understanding the behavior of dynamic...
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