Three-dimensional computerized reconstruction of histologic serial sections for orthopedic research

New programs in image processing and computer graphics can now render three-dimensional images from serial tissue slices. Although neuroanatomists have used these techniques most intensively, there are exciting applications of this methodology in orthopedic research and investigative embryology. Three-dimensional reconstructions of histologic sections from newborn clubfeet have been used to determine the rotational alignment of the hindfoot bones. Similar studies could be undertaken to improve understanding of the normal and pathologic perinatal development of the spine, hip, and hand.