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Updated: Jan 31, 2026

Collecting Sleep, Circadian, Fatigue, and Performance Data in Complex Operational Environments
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Psychometric Properties of the Simons Simplex Collection Sleep Interview.

Ann E E Johansson1, Jeffrey M Rohay2, Eileen R Chasens2

  • 1University of Pittsburgh School of Nursing, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania anj43@pitt.edu.

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|December 30, 2018
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Summary

Many children with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) experience sleep issues. This study identified three core factors in the Simons Simplex Collection Sleep Interview (SSCSI) for assessing sleep problems in ASD.

Keywords:
autism spectrum disorderfactor analysispsychometricssleep

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Area of Science:

  • Pediatric Psychology
  • Neurodevelopmental Disorders
  • Sleep Medicine

Background:

  • Sleep problems affect a significant majority of children with autism spectrum disorder (ASD), ranging from 40% to 80%.
  • The Simons Simplex Collection Sleep Interview (SSCSI) is a parent-reported tool designed to evaluate sleep disturbances and their impact on daily functioning in children.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To determine the optimal factorial model of the SSCSI for characterizing sleep issues in children aged 4-18 years with ASD.
  • To validate the structure of the SSCSI for use in research and clinical settings involving children with autism.

Main Methods:

  • Exploratory factor analysis (EFA) using principal component analysis and promax rotation was employed.
  • The analysis began with 16 items and was refined to a 10-item scale.
  • The EFA was conducted on the full sample and subsequently on prepubertal (4-8 years), pubertal (9-13 years), and postpubertal (14-18 years) subgroups.

Main Results:

  • The EFA resulted in a 10-item scale, along with age and regular sleep duration, organized into three distinct factors: nighttime problems, daytime problems, and sleep duration problems.
  • This three-factor structure was consistent across the entire sample and within the different age-related subgroups.
  • The refined SSCSI provides a structured approach to understanding the multifaceted nature of sleep difficulties in children with ASD.

Conclusions:

  • The study successfully identified a three-factor model for the SSCSI, offering a clearer framework for assessing sleep problems in children with ASD.
  • Further research is recommended to confirm these findings through confirmatory factor analysis (CFA).
  • Additional validation studies, including test-retest reliability and convergent validity testing, are necessary to fully establish the psychometric properties of the refined SSCSI.