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Reference repulsion is not a perceptual illusion.

Matthias Fritsche1, Floris P de Lange1

  • 1Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behaviour, Radboud University, Kapittelweg 29, 6525 EN Nijmegen, the Netherlands.

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|December 31, 2018
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Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Reference repulsion, a bias in visual perception, may not be an illusion but a post-perceptual decision bias. This study suggests discrimination judgments do not create illusions, but rather influence decisions after perception.

Keywords:
Orientation perceptionPerceptual biasPerceptual decision-makingPost-perceptual biasReference repulsion

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Area of Science:

  • Cognitive Psychology
  • Neuroscience
  • Visual Perception

Background:

  • Perceptual decisions are influenced by context, leading to phenomena like reference repulsion.
  • Reference repulsion, a bias away from a reference boundary in visual tasks, was previously thought to be a perceptual illusion.
  • Recent evidence suggests reference repulsion might stem from post-perceptual decision-making biases.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate whether orientation judgments influence perceptual appearance.
  • To differentiate between perceptual illusions and post-perceptual biases in reference repulsion.
  • To determine the locus of reference repulsion: perceptual or decision-based.

Main Methods:

  • Experiment 1: Confirmed reference repulsion by measuring reproduction responses after a discrimination task.
  • Experiment 2: Directly measured perceived orientation using simultaneous comparison with a reference stimulus.
  • Statistical analysis to account for sensory fluctuations and adaptation effects.

Main Results:

  • A repulsive bias away from the discrimination boundary was observed in reproduction responses.
  • Direct measurement of perceived orientation showed only a small repulsive bias.
  • This small bias was explained by random sensory variability and stimulus adaptation, not a systematic judgment bias.

Conclusions:

  • Discrimination judgments do not appear to induce a perceptual illusion.
  • The phenomenon of reference repulsion likely originates from post-perceptual decision processes.
  • Findings suggest a shift in understanding reference repulsion from perceptual to decision-level mechanisms.