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Mesenchymal Stem Cells Decrease Tunnel Widening of Anterior Cruciate Ligament Reconstruction in Rabbit Model.

Chang-Ich Hur1, Hyeon-Wook Ahn1, Jong-Keun Seon1

  • 1Center for Joint Disease, Chonnam National University Hwasun Hospital, Hwasun, Korea.

International Journal of Stem Cells
|January 1, 2019
PubMed
Summary

Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) and fibrin glue significantly reduced tunnel widening after anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) reconstruction in rabbits. This suggests MSCs may decrease tunnel widening, warranting further investigation.

Keywords:
Anterior cruciate ligamentMesenchymal stem cellRabbit modelTunnel widening

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Area of Science:

  • Orthopedic Surgery
  • Regenerative Medicine
  • Biomaterials Science

Background:

  • Tunnel widening is a complication after anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) reconstruction.
  • Biologic agents are being explored to mitigate this issue.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To evaluate the efficacy of mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) or fibrin glue in reducing tunnel widening post-ACL reconstruction.
  • To compare these interventions against a biologic-free control in a rabbit model.

Main Methods:

  • ACL reconstruction was performed in 18 rabbits, divided into control, fibrin glue, and MSCs groups.
  • Radiologic (micro-CT) and histologic analyses were conducted 12 weeks postoperatively.
  • Tunnel widening was quantified on femoral and tibial sides.

Main Results:

  • Both fibrin glue and MSCs groups showed significantly reduced femoral and tibial tunnel widening compared to the control group (p<0.05).
  • Mean femoral tunnel widening was 0.22±0.1 mm (fibrin) and 0.25±0.1 mm (MSCs) vs. 0.7±0.4 mm (control).
  • Histology of the MSCs group revealed hypercellularity and compact collagen deposition within the graft.

Conclusions:

  • Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) and fibrin glue appear to decrease tunnel widening following ACL reconstruction in a rabbit model.
  • Further studies in larger animal models are necessary to confirm the therapeutic potential of MSCs for reducing tunnel widening.