Related Experiment Video
Updated: Jan 31, 2026
14:02
Measuring Engagement of Spectators of Social Digital Games
Published on: July 3, 2021
3.9K
Spectatoring Mediates the Association Between Penis Appearance Concerns and Sexual Dysfunction
Robert B Wyatt1, David C de Jong1, Christopher J Holden2
1a Department of Psychology , Western Carolina University , Cullowhee , North Carolina , USA.
Journal of Sex & Marital Therapy
|January 1, 2019
Summary
Men concerned about penis appearance may face sexual dysfunction. This study found that spectatoring, or focusing negatively on oneself during sex, acts as a key link between these concerns and sexual difficulties.
Area of Science:
- Psychology
- Sexual Health
- Men's Health
Background:
- Men with concerns about their penis appearance are at higher risk for sexual dysfunction.
- The specific psychological mechanisms linking penis appearance concerns to sexual dysfunction remain unclear.
Purpose of the Study:
- To investigate if spectatoring mediates the relationship between penis appearance concerns and sexual dysfunction in men.
Main Methods:
- A study involving 512 men in romantic relationships who reported on their sexual activity.
- Data collected on penis appearance concerns, spectatoring tendencies, and sexual dysfunction (erectile and orgasmic).
Main Results:
- Penis appearance concerns were associated with increased spectatoring.
- Spectatoring, in turn, was linked to higher rates of erectile and orgasmic dysfunction.
- Indirect effects confirmed spectatoring as a mediator.
Conclusions:
- Spectatoring serves as a psychological pathway through which concerns about penis appearance negatively impact sexual function.
- Addressing spectatoring may be a viable strategy for improving sexual health in men with appearance concerns.
Related Concept Videos
01:29Penis
26.4K
The penis serves a dual role in sexual reproduction and urination. It consists of three main regions: the glans penis, the body, and the root, each with distinct functions and unique anatomical features.
Anatomy of the Penis
The glans penis, or the head, is the terminal part of the penis and houses the external urethral orifice, the exit point for urine and semen. Covered by the prepuce, or foreskin, the glans is noted for its sensitivity and plays a key role in sexual pleasure. The body of the...
Anatomy of the Penis
The glans penis, or the head, is the terminal part of the penis and houses the external urethral orifice, the exit point for urine and semen. Covered by the prepuce, or foreskin, the glans is noted for its sensitivity and plays a key role in sexual pleasure. The body of the...
26.4K
01:15Brick Durability, Strength, and Appearance
664
Brick durability, strength, and appearance are crucial factors in construction, influencing the choice of bricks for specific applications. The process of freeze-thaw, for instance, significantly affects brick durability. This phenomenon occurs when water absorbed by a brick expands as it freezes, potentially causing damage when it melts and refreezes. Bricks are graded for durability: SW-grade bricks are the most durable, offering high strength and low water absorption, followed by MW-grade...
664
01:26Sexually Transmitted Infections
1.1K
Sexually transmitted infections (STIs) are diseases transmitted primarily through unsafe sexual interactions. Bacteria, viruses, or parasites cause them and can result in severe health complications if untreated.ChlamydiaThe bacterium Chlamydia trachomatis is responsible for the disease Chlamydia, the most common STI in the United States. This peculiar pathogen requires human cells to reproduce, residing intracellularly. The initial infection often goes unnoticed because it typically does not...
1.1K
01:29Impression Management Techniques I: Managing Appearances
217
Appearance is a multidimensional aspect of self-presentation that encompasses observable attributes such as clothing, grooming, speech, and nonverbal behavior. These elements are often strategically managed to align with socially constructed expectations in different settings. For instance, individuals tailor their appearance during job interviews, social gatherings, or athletic events to meet the perceived norms of those environments.Contextual Adaptation and Social SignalsThe research...
217
01:21Association Areas of the Cortex
9.4K
Association areas are regions of the cerebral cortex that do not have a specific sensory or motor function. Instead, they integrate and interpret information from various sources to enable higher cognitive processes such as memory, learning, and decision-making. Some key association areas include the following:
Prefrontal Association Area: This area is located in the frontal lobe and is involved in planning, decision-making, and moderating social behavior. It connects with primary motor areas,...
Prefrontal Association Area: This area is located in the frontal lobe and is involved in planning, decision-making, and moderating social behavior. It connects with primary motor areas,...
9.4K
01:27Associative Learning
1.3K
Associative learning is a fundamental concept in behavioral psychology, wherein a connection is established between two stimuli or events, leading to a learned response. This process is critical in understanding how behaviors are acquired and modified. Conditioning, the mechanism through which associations are formed, can be divided into two main types: classical conditioning and operant conditioning, each elucidating different aspects of associative learning.
Classical conditioning, also known...
Classical conditioning, also known...
1.3K