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Error Processing and Inhibitory Control in Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder: A Meta-analysis Using Statistical

Luke J Norman1, Stephan F Taylor2, Yanni Liu2

  • 1Department of Psychiatry, Michigan Medicine, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan; Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London, London, UK.

Biological Psychiatry
|January 1, 2019
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD) patients exhibit heightened brain activity during error processing and reduced activity during inhibitory control. These findings suggest a link between altered cognitive control mechanisms and compulsive behaviors in OCD.

Keywords:
Error processingInhibitory controlMeta-analysisOCDPerformance monitoringfMRI

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Area of Science:

  • Neuroscience
  • Cognitive Psychology
  • Psychiatry

Background:

  • Error processing and inhibitory control are crucial for adaptive behavior.
  • Previous fMRI studies show brain abnormalities in obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD) during these processes, but findings are inconsistent and based on small samples.
  • This meta-analysis addresses these limitations by examining unthresholded statistical maps from prior research.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To conduct a meta-analysis of functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) studies on error processing and inhibitory control in patients with OCD.
  • To identify consistent patterns of brain activation differences between individuals with OCD and healthy controls (HCs).

Main Methods:

  • A voxelwise seed-based d mapping meta-analysis was performed using t-maps from studies comparing patients with OCD and HCs.
  • Included 239 patients with OCD and 229 HCs for error processing analysis.
  • Included 245 patients with OCD and 239 HCs for inhibitory control analysis.

Main Results:

  • Patients with OCD demonstrated longer reaction times and more errors during inhibitory control compared to HCs.
  • During error processing, patients with OCD showed hyperactivation in the dorsal anterior cingulate cortex, supplementary motor area, pre-supplementary motor area, right anterior insula/frontal operculum, and anterior lateral prefrontal cortex.
  • During inhibitory control, patients with OCD exhibited hypoactivation in the rostral/ventral anterior cingulate cortices, thalamus/caudate, right anterior insula/frontal operculum, supramarginal gyrus, and medial orbitofrontal cortex.

Conclusions:

  • A hyperactive error processing mechanism in OCD may contribute to difficulties in stopping unwanted compulsive behaviors.
  • Impaired inhibitory control mechanisms are also implicated in the pathophysiology of OCD.
  • These cognitive control deficits likely underlie the characteristic symptoms of obsessive-compulsive disorder.