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Related Concept Videos

Range00:59

Range

14.1K
The range is one of the measures of variation. It can be defined as the difference between a dataset's highest and lowest values. For example, in the study of seven 16-ounce soda cans, the filled volume of soda was measured, thus producing the following amount (in ounces) of soda:
15.9; 16.1; 15.2; 14.8; 15.8; 15.9; 16.0; 15.5
Measurements of the amount of soda in a 16-ounce can vary since different subjects record these measurements or since the exact amount - 16 ounces of liquid, was not...
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Cell Size01:22

Cell Size

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Cell sizes vary widely among and within organisms. Bacterial cells range between 1-10 micrometers (μm)and are considerably smaller than most eukaryotic cells. The smallest bacteria are 0.1 μm in diameter—about a thousand times smaller than eukaryotic cells, which typically range from 10-100 μm.
Surface Area
Cells can take in nutrients and water via diffusion through the plasma membrane itself or through specific channels in the membrane. The area of the membrane surrounding...
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¹H NMR: Long-Range Coupling01:27

¹H NMR: Long-Range Coupling

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The coupling interactions of nuclei across four or more bonds are usually weak, with J values less than 1 Hz. While these are usually not observed in spectra, the presence of multiple bonds along the coupling pathway can result in observable long-range coupling.
In alkenes, spin information is communicated via σ–π overlap, as seen in allylic (four-bond) and homoallylic (five-bond) couplings. These coupling interactions are stronger when the σ bond is parallel to the alkene...
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Variation: Normal Distribution, Range, and Standard Deviation02:32

Variation: Normal Distribution, Range, and Standard Deviation

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In the field of psychology, there are several ways to organize measurements of a trait, feature, or characteristic (i.e., variables). Qualitative data, such as ethnicity, can be tabulated into a frequency count to provide information about the proportion, as well as the variety of groups in a sample or population. On the other hand, researchers can perform a wider set of calculations on quantitative data. The mean, mode, and median, for instance, are central tendency measures to identify a...
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Angle of Twist - Elastic Range01:13

Angle of Twist - Elastic Range

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Consider a cylindrical shaft with a length denoted by L and a consistent cross-sectional radius referred to as r. This shaft undergoes a torque at the free end. The highest shearing strain within the shaft is directly proportional to the twist angle and the radial distance from the shaft axis. When the shaft behaves elastically, this shearing strain can be articulated using variables such as the applied torque, radial distance, the polar moment of inertia, and the modulus of rigidity. By...
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Range Rule of Thumb to Interpret Standard Deviation01:13

Range Rule of Thumb to Interpret Standard Deviation

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The range rule of thumb in statistics helps us calculate a dataset's minimum and maximum values with known standard deviation. This rule is based on the concept that 95% of all values in a dataset lie within two standard deviations from the mean.
For instance, the range rule of thumb can be used to find the tallest and the shortest student in a class, given the mean student height and standard deviation. If the mean student height is 1.6 m and the standard deviation, s is 0.05 m, the height...
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Asymmetrical Flow Field-Flow Fractionation for Sizing of Gold Nanoparticles in Suspension
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Measuring nanoparticles in the size range to 2000 nm.

Philip J Wyatt1

  • 1Wyatt Technology Corporation, 6330 Hollister Avenue, Goleta, CA 93117 USA.

Journal of Nanoparticle Research : an Interdisciplinary Forum for Nanoscale Science and Technology
|January 1, 2019
PubMed
Summary

A new method simplifies nanoparticle size determination from light scattering (turbidity) measurements. It accurately derives small-angle scattering data from larger angles, extending reliable size analysis up to 2000 nm.

Keywords:
AggregatesCarbon nanotubesGoldParticle suspensionsRodsSpheres

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Area of Science:

  • Colloid and Surface Science
  • Nanotechnology
  • Optical Physics

Background:

  • Turbidity measurements (light scattering) are a traditional method for determining nanoparticle size in solution.
  • Conventional methods often require complex data analysis and are limited in the range of particle sizes they can accurately assess.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To develop a simplified method for extracting nanoparticle size from light scattering data.
  • To enable accurate size determination using readily accessible scattering angles, overcoming limitations of traditional techniques.

Main Methods:

  • Measurements of monochromatic light scattered by monodisperse nanoparticle suspensions at various angles.
  • A novel approach to derive small-angle scattering values from larger, more accessible angles.
  • Analysis based on the Rayleigh-Gans approximation, validated for extended size ranges.

Main Results:

  • The described method successfully derives small-angle scattering data from measurements at larger angles.
  • Meaningful nanoparticle size results were obtained up to approximately 2000 nm.
  • The method's validity extends beyond the typical limits of the Rayleigh-Gans approximation.

Conclusions:

  • A simplified and effective method for nanoparticle size determination using light scattering has been established.
  • This technique enhances the accessibility and reliability of size analysis for nanoparticles up to 2000 nm.
  • The approach offers a practical alternative for characterizing a wide range of nanoparticle sizes.