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Determinants of survival of common childhood cancers in Iran

Aliasghar Keramatinia1,2, Maryam Mohseny2, Mohammad Esmaeil Akbari1

  • 1Cancer Research Center, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.

Journal of Research in Medical Sciences : the Official Journal of Isfahan University of Medical Sciences
|January 1, 2019
PubMed

Insights

Childhood cancer mortality is influenced by age, cancer type, and treatment. Multidisciplinary care and absence of family history improve survival outcomes for pediatric cancer patients.

Area of Science:

  • Pediatric Oncology
  • Epidemiology
  • Biostatistics

Background:

  • Childhood cancer is a significant cause of child morbidity and mortality.
  • Epidemiological and demographic data on pediatric cancers in Iran are crucial for understanding disease burden.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To epidemiologically and demographically assess common cancers in children in Iran.
  • To identify factors affecting mortality in pediatric cancer patients.

Main Methods:

  • A cohort study involving 2232 pediatric cancer patients from 2007 to 2016.
  • Data collected included age, gender, race, family history, treatment type, and cancer type.
  • Cox regression model was used to analyze the effect of these factors on mortality.

Main Results:

  • Age, race, cancer type, family history, and treatment significantly impacted mortality (P < 0.05).
  • Higher mortality hazard ratios (HR) were observed in older children (10-15 years) and specific cancers like brain tumors, sarcoma, and neuroblastoma compared to leukemia.
  • A family history of cancer increased mortality risk (HR = 1.33), while multidisciplinary treatments (chemotherapy with surgery and radiotherapy, or chemotherapy with surgery) reduced it (HR = 0.68 and 0.67, respectively).

Conclusions:

  • Younger age, multidisciplinary treatment approaches, and no family history of cancer are associated with a lower risk of death.
  • Certain cancers (brain tumor, sarcoma, neuroblastoma) present a higher mortality risk than leukemia.
  • Regular follow-up for children with a family history of cancer and comprehensive, multidisciplinary treatment are recommended.
Abstract

Keywords:
CancerCox modelschildhoodepidemiologysurvival

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