Jove
Visualize
Contact Us
JoVE
x logofacebook logolinkedin logoyoutube logo
ABOUT JoVE
OverviewLeadershipBlogJoVE Help Center
AUTHORS
Publishing ProcessEditorial BoardScope & PoliciesPeer ReviewFAQSubmit
LIBRARIANS
TestimonialsSubscriptionsAccessResourcesLibrary Advisory BoardFAQ
RESEARCH
JoVE JournalMethods CollectionsJoVE Encyclopedia of ExperimentsArchive
EDUCATION
JoVE CoreJoVE BusinessJoVE Science EducationJoVE Lab ManualFaculty Resource CenterFaculty Site
Terms & Conditions of Use
Privacy Policy
Policies

Related Concept Videos

Classifying Matter by State02:49

Classifying Matter by State

103.3K
Chemistry is the study of matter and the changes it undergoes. Matter is anything that has mass and occupies space. Matter is all around us; the air, water, soil, mountains, even our bodies are all examples of matter. Matter is divided into three states — solid, liquid, and gas — that are commonly found on earth. The fourth state of matter, plasma, occurs naturally in the interiors of stars. 
103.3K
Cascaded Op Amps01:16

Cascaded Op Amps

1.1K
Operational amplifiers (op-amps) are versatile electronic components that can be interconnected in a cascade - one after another in a linear sequence. This cascading is possible due to their infinite input resistance and zero output resistance, allowing them to maintain their input-output relationships even when connected in series.
In a cascaded system, each op-amp is referred to as a stage. The output of one stage drives the input of the subsequent stage. As the input signal passes through...
1.1K
Second-order Op Amp Circuits01:19

Second-order Op Amp Circuits

638
Implementing second-order low-pass filters in audio systems is crucial in refining audio signals by eliminating undesirable high-frequency noise. These filters typically involve second-order op-amp circuits configured as voltage followers, encompassing two nodes with distinct storage elements.
The analysis of such circuits follows a systematic approach, similar to the second-order RLC circuits. In practical scenarios, bulky inductors are rarely employed due to their size and weight. This means...
638
Classifying Matter by Composition03:35

Classifying Matter by Composition

90.4K
Matter: Pure Substances and Mixtures
According to its composition, the matter can be classified into two broad categories — pure substances and mixtures. 
A pure substance is a form of matter that has a constant composition throughout with uniform properties. For example, any sample of sucrose has the same composition and same physical properties, such as melting point, color, and sweetness, regardless of the source from which it is isolated. 
A mixture is composed of two or...
90.4K
Physical and Chemical Properties of Matter02:57

Physical and Chemical Properties of Matter

166.3K
The characteristics that enable us to distinguish one substance from another are called properties.
166.3K
The Atomic Theory of Matter02:59

The Atomic Theory of Matter

128.0K
The earliest recorded discussion of the basic structure of matter comes from ancient Greek philosophers. Leucippus and Democritus argued that all matter was composed of small, finite particles that they called atomos, meaning “indivisible.” Later, Aristotle and others came to the conclusion that matter consisted of various combinations of the four “elements” — fire, earth, air, and water — and could be infinitely divided. Interestingly, these philosophers...
128.0K

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by
Same author

Translation, cross-cultural adaptation, and semantic validation of the Spine Oncology Study Group Outcomes Questionnaire 2.0 (SOSGOQ 2.0) into Brazilian Portuguese: a qualitative validation study.

Einstein (Sao Paulo, Brazil)·2026
Same author

Implantation choices, fusion preferences and implant removal after fixation in C1-C2 fractures: An AO Spine Knowledge Forum expert survey.

European spine journal : official publication of the European Spine Society, the European Spinal Deformity Society, and the European Section of the Cervical Spine Research Society·2026
Same author

Occipitocervical dissociation: A narrative review and case series with a novel management algorithm proposal.

Journal of craniovertebral junction & spine·2026
Same author

Complication rates in thoracolumbar fracture-dislocations with and without neurological injury.

Revista de la Facultad de Ciencias Medicas (Cordoba, Argentina)·2026
Same author

AO Spine Clinical Practice Recommendations: An Overview of the Current State of Fusion Surgery for Patients With Spinal Metastasis: Is Fusion Necessary?

Global spine journal·2026
Same author

Spanish Translation, Cross-Cultural Adaptation and Validation of the Spine Oncology Study Group Outcomes Questionnaire (SOSGOQ) for Patients With Spinal Metastases.

World neurosurgery·2026

Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jan 31, 2026

A Versatile Murine Model of Subcortical White Matter Stroke for the Study of Axonal Degeneration and White Matter Neurobiology
08:36

A Versatile Murine Model of Subcortical White Matter Stroke for the Study of Axonal Degeneration and White Matter Neurobiology

Published on: March 17, 2016

8.5K

[Post-op paraspinal atrophy: Does the approach matter?]

Alfredo Guiroy1,2, Federico Landriel3, Carlos Zanardi4

  • 1Unidad de Patología Espinal - Hospital Español de Mendoza - Argentina.

Surgical Neurology International
|January 1, 2019
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Minimally invasive lumbar fusion approaches impacted spinal erector muscles more than multifidus muscles. Further research is needed to confirm these findings on muscle atrophy after spinal surgery.

More Related Videos

Exploring Caspase Mutations and Post-Translational Modification by Molecular Modeling Approaches
05:56

Exploring Caspase Mutations and Post-Translational Modification by Molecular Modeling Approaches

Published on: October 13, 2022

1.8K
Tibial Nerve Transection - A Standardized Model for Denervation-induced Skeletal Muscle Atrophy in Mice
10:50

Tibial Nerve Transection - A Standardized Model for Denervation-induced Skeletal Muscle Atrophy in Mice

Published on: November 3, 2013

25.4K

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Jan 31, 2026

A Versatile Murine Model of Subcortical White Matter Stroke for the Study of Axonal Degeneration and White Matter Neurobiology
08:36

A Versatile Murine Model of Subcortical White Matter Stroke for the Study of Axonal Degeneration and White Matter Neurobiology

Published on: March 17, 2016

8.5K
Exploring Caspase Mutations and Post-Translational Modification by Molecular Modeling Approaches
05:56

Exploring Caspase Mutations and Post-Translational Modification by Molecular Modeling Approaches

Published on: October 13, 2022

1.8K
Tibial Nerve Transection - A Standardized Model for Denervation-induced Skeletal Muscle Atrophy in Mice
10:50

Tibial Nerve Transection - A Standardized Model for Denervation-induced Skeletal Muscle Atrophy in Mice

Published on: November 3, 2013

25.4K

Area of Science:

  • Spine surgery
  • Orthopedics
  • Neurosurgery

Context:

  • Segmental lumbar fusion is a common treatment for degenerative disease.
  • Surgical approach selection may influence postoperative muscle health.
  • Understanding muscle atrophy patterns is crucial for patient recovery.

Purpose:

  • To compare postoperative muscle atrophy levels following different surgical approaches for lumbar degenerative disease: midline, Wiltse, and minimally invasive transforaminal lumbar interbody fusion (MIS TLIF).

Summary:

  • A retrospective study analyzed 45 patients undergoing one-level lumbar fusion (L3-S1) using midline, Wiltse, or MIS TLIF approaches.
  • Muscle atrophy was assessed via cross-sectional area (CSA) and fat infiltration (FI) of multifidus (MM) and spinal erector muscles (SEM) using MRI.
  • No significant MM atrophy differences were found; however, SEM atrophy varied significantly between MIS TLIF and midline, and midline and Wiltse approaches.

Impact:

  • Minimally invasive approaches may have a greater impact on spinal erector muscles compared to multifidus muscles.
  • Findings suggest potential differences in muscle response based on surgical technique.
  • Further randomized controlled trials are warranted to validate these observations.