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The truth about lies: A meta-analysis on dishonest behavior
Philipp Gerlach1, Kinneret Teodorescu2, Ralph Hertwig1
1Center for Adaptive Rationality, Max Planck Institute for Human Development.
Psychological Bulletin
|January 1, 2019
Summary
This meta-analysis reveals that dishonest behavior is influenced by situational factors like rewards and personal factors such as gender and age. Publication bias is also a significant concern in dishonesty research.
Area of Science:
- Behavioral Economics
- Psychology
- Experimental Research
Background:
- Extensive research exists on dishonest behavior, but findings are often contradictory.
- A systematic analysis is needed to clarify factors influencing (dis)honest behavior.
Purpose of the Study:
- To systematically analyze factors associated with dishonest behavior.
- To integrate data from multiple experimental paradigms to resolve debates on dishonesty.
Main Methods:
- Meta-analysis of 565 experiments (N = 44,050 choices).
- Review of four common experimental paradigms: sender-receiver games, die-roll tasks, coin-flip tasks, and matrix tasks.
- Analysis of situational and personal factors, study setting (lab vs. field), and experimental deception.
Main Results:
- Dishonest behavior is influenced by reward magnitude, externalities, participant gender, and age.
- Laboratory studies show more dishonesty than field studies; experimental deception reduces dishonesty.
- Different paradigms yield varying conclusions; die-roll tasks show higher lying degrees than matrix tasks.
- Significant publication bias was detected across most dishonesty measures.
Conclusions:
- Dishonesty is a complex behavior influenced by a combination of situational and personal factors.
- Methodological choices in experiments, including paradigm and deception, impact observed dishonesty.
- Future research should use more representative samples and clarify paradigm-specific differences to improve understanding of dishonest behavior.
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